Patterns and structures of land use change in the three rivers headwaters region of China

10.1371/journal.pone.0119121PLoS ONE103e011912

Application of traditional knowledge of Hani people in biodiversity conservation

Traditional knowledge offers a feasible approach to biodiversity conservation because it not only preserves, but also enriches biodiversity [...

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Repairing materials are well-known to play an important role in rehabilitating and extending the service life for hydraulic concrete structures. However, current underwater repairing materials possess several problems, including insufficient bond tensile strength, inconsistency with the deformation of the old substrate, and insufficient underwater self-sealing ability. In the present paper, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the influence of silica nanoparticles (SNs) on the properties of underwater composite-repairing materials. The underwater deformation, impermeability, bond tensile strength, and compressive strength of the SN-modified underwater composite-repairing materials were used as the properties’ evaluation indices. The results show that, within a certain range, the performance of the repairing material increase with increased SN percent. The deformability, impermeability grade, underwater bond tensile strength, and compressive strength of the SN-modified composite underwater repairing materials are 2.2%, 8, 2.91 MPa, and 115.87 MPa, respectively, when the mass ratio of the mortar, the curing agent and the SNs is 8:1:0.002. The proposed material is employed to repair the dam for a hydropower station in Guizhou province, China. Results show the seepage discharge is reduced by 8.6% when the dam is repaired. The annual average generating capacity is increased by 1.104 × 105 kWh. Meanwhile, CO2 and NOx emissions are reduced by 1.049 × 105 and 220.8 kg annually, respectively

Comparison of landscape structure change of the Three Rivers Headwaters Region by watersheds.

<p>Comparison of landscape structure change of the Three Rivers Headwaters Region by watersheds.</p

Number of human settlements found with land use change in Guoluo and Yushu.

<p>The buffer zones of 4 km of the human settlements in Guoluo Prefecture and Yushu Prefecture are analyzed. Settlements are categorized based on whether their locations are close to main roads, temples, or water bodies of lakes or rivers.</p><p>Number of human settlements found with land use change in Guoluo and Yushu.</p

Comparison of landscape structure change of the Three Rivers Headwater Regions by prefectures.

<p>Comparison of landscape structure change of the Three Rivers Headwater Regions by prefectures.</p

The study area of the Three River Headwaters Region.

<p>(A) Distributions of the Yangtze River, Lantsang River, and Yellow River headwater regions. (B) Locations of Hainan Prefecture, Huangnan Prefecture, Guoluo Prefecture, Yushu Prefecture, and Geermu City.</p