PCR positivity rate for penguin adenovirus in Chinstrap penguins (CSP), Gentoo penguins (GP), and Adelie penguins (GP), Antarctica, 2008–2013.

<p>PCR positivity rate for penguin adenovirus in Chinstrap penguins (CSP), Gentoo penguins (GP), and Adelie penguins (GP), Antarctica, 2008–2013.</p

Hantavirus surveillance and genetic diversity targeting small mammals at Camp Humphreys, a US military installation and new expansion site, Republic of Korea

<div><p>Small mammal surveillance was conducted (2008–2010, 2012) at Camp (Cp) Humphreys, a US Army installation and new expansion site, Republic of Korea (ROK), to identify hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome health threats to US military/civilian populations during its ongoing expansion phase. Small mammals were collected using Sherman live capture traps and transported to Korea University where they were euthanized, tissues removed, and assayed to determine hantavirus IgG antibody-positive and hantavirus-positive rates by RT-PCR. A total of 2,364 small mammals were captured over 11,300 trap nights (capture rate = 20.92%). <i>Apodemus agrarius</i> was the most commonly collected (76.65%), with capture rates of 9.62% and 21.70% for Cp Humphreys and the expansion site, respectively. Overall, Hantaan virus (HTNV) IgG antibody-positive (Ab+) rate for <i>A</i>. <i>agrarius</i> was 2.15% (39/1,812). A total of 5.43% (10/184) <i>Crocidura lasiura</i>, 0.79% (2/254) <i>Microtus fortis</i> and 2.44% (1/41) <i>Micromys minutus</i> were serologically IgG Ab+ for hantaviruses. HTNV-specific RT-PCR demonstrated that 28.2% (11/39) HTNV Ab+ <i>A</i>. <i>agrarius</i> harbored the 328-nt sequence of the G_C glycoprotein-encoding M segment of HTNV. Among them, the whole genome sequences of 3 HTNV strains were obtained by conventional RT-PCR and Rapid Amplification cDNA Ends PCR. Phylogenetic analyses of the HTNV strains from Cp Humphreys and the expansion site, Pyeongtaek, show a greater diversity of rodent-borne hantaviruses compared to HTNV previously identified in Gyeonggi province of the ROK. Thus, this study provides significant insights for raising HFRS threat awareness, analysis, and risk reduction strategies in southern Gyeonggi province.</p></div

Putative genetic content of penguin adenovirus.

<p>The range of entire genome lengths of penguin adenoviruses were 24,630–24,662 bp, and the putative sialidase gene was not detected in the penguin adenovirus genomes. The genomic lengths are indicated at5,000 bp intervals.</p

Summary of deletions of nucleotides and their position in the entire sequence of Chinstrap penguin adenovirus (CSPAdV) and Gentoo penguin adenovirus (GPAdV).

<p>Summary of deletions of nucleotides and their position in the entire sequence of Chinstrap penguin adenovirus (CSPAdV) and Gentoo penguin adenovirus (GPAdV).</p

PCR positivity rate for penguin adenovirus in Chinstrap penguins (CSP), Gentoo penguins (GP), and Adelie penguins (GP), Antarctica, 2008–2013.

<p>PCR positivity rate for penguin adenovirus in Chinstrap penguins (CSP), Gentoo penguins (GP), and Adelie penguins (GP), Antarctica, 2008–2013.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of penguin adenoviral hexon.

<p>The phylogenetic tree, based on entire hexon genome sequences of penguin adenoviruses, was generated using the Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) method. The first number indicates the Bayesian posterior probability, and the second number indicates the ML bootstrap value as a percentage. Scale bars indicate the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.</p

The list of primers used for whole genome sequencing of penguin adenoviruses.

<p>The list of primers used for whole genome sequencing of penguin adenoviruses.</p