MUC4 gene polymorphisms associate with endometriosis development and endometriosis-related infertility

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mucin 4 (<it>MUC4</it>) plays an important role in protecting and lubricating the epithelial surface of reproductive tracts, but its role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is largely unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To correlate <it>MUC4 </it>polymorphism with the risk of endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility, we performed a case-control study of 140 patients and 150 healthy women. Six unique single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs882605, rs1104760, rs2688513, rs2246901, rs2258447 and rs2291652) were selected for this study. DNA fragments containing the target SNP sites were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay System to evaluate allele frequency and distribution of genotype in <it>MUC4 </it>polymorphisms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both the T/G genotype of rs882605 and the frequency of haplotype T-T (rs882605 and rs1104760) were higher in patients than in controls and were statistically significant. The frequency of the C allele at rs1104760, the C allele at rs2688513, the G allele at rs2246901 and the A allele at rs2258447 were associated with advanced stage of endometriosis. Moreover, the G allele at rs882605 was verified as a key genetic factor for infertility in patients. Protein sequence analysis indicated that amino acid substitutions by genetic variations at rs882605, rs2688513 and rs2246901 occur in the putative functional loops and the type D von Willebrand factor (VWFD) domain in the MUC4 sequence.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>MUC4 </it>polymorphisms are associated with endometriosis development and endometriosis-related infertility in the Taiwanese population.</p

Ribosome biogenesis serves as a therapeutic target for treating endometriosis and the associated complications

Ribosome biogenesis is a cellular process critical for protein homeostasis during cell growth and multiplication. Our previous study confirmed up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis during endometriosis progression and malignant transition, thus anti-ribosome biogenesis may be effective for treating endometriosis and the associated complications. A mouse model with human endometriosis features was established and treated with three different drugs that can block ribosome biogenesis, including inhibitors against mTOR/PI3K (GSK2126458) and RNA polymerase I (CX5461 and BMH21). The average lesion numbers and disease frequencies were significantly reduced in treated mice as compared to controls treated with vehicle. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed the reduction of small peritoneal macrophage and neutrophil populations with increased large versus small macrophage ratios, suggesting inflammation suppression by drug treatments. Lesions in treated mice also showed lower nerve fiber density which can support the finding of pain-relief by behavioral studies. Our study therefore suggested ribosome biogenesis as a potential therapeutic target for treating endometriosis

MUC2 polymorphisms are associated with endometriosis development and infertility: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins protecting and lubricating epithelial surface of respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. Members of the mucin protein family have been suggested to play an important role in development of endometriosis and infertility. This study investigates genetic association of mucin2 (<it>MUC2</it>) with the risk of endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This case-control study was conducted at China Medical University Hospital, with 195 endometriosis patients and 196 healthy controls enrolled. Genotyping of six SNPs (rs2856111, rs11245936, rs10794288, rs10902088, rs7103978 and rs11245954) within <it>MUC2 </it>gene were performed by using <it>Taqman </it>genotyping assay; individual SNP and haplotype associations with endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility were assessed by <it>χ</it>²test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Endometriosis patients exhibit significantly lower frequency of the rs10794288 C allele, the rs10902088 T allele and the rs7103978 G allele (<it>P </it>= 0.030, 0.013 and 0.040, respectively). In addition, the rs10794288 C allele and the rs10902088 T allele were also less abundant in patients with infertility versus fertile ones (<it>P </it>= 0.015 and 0.024, respectively). Haplotype analysis of the endometriosis associated SNPs in <it>MUC2 </it>also showed significantly association between the most common haplotypes and endometriosis or endometriosis-related infertility.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>MUC2 </it>polymorphisms, especially rs10794288 and rs10902088, are associated with endometriosis as well as endometriosis-related infertility. Our data present MUC2 as a new candidate involved in development of endometriosis and related infertility in Taiwanese Han women.</p

Chromosome 3p12.3-P14.2 and 3q26.2-Q26.32 Are Genomic Markers for Prognosis of Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Purpose: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an epithelial malignancy with a remarkable racial and geographic distribution. Previous cytogenetic studies have shown nasopharyngeal carcinoma to be characterized by gross genomic aberrations. However, identification of susceptible gene loci in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been poorly discussed. Experimental Design: A genome-wide survey of gene copy number changes was initiated with two nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines by array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis. These alterations were confirmed by a parallel analysis with the data from the gene expression microarray and were validated by quantitative PCR. Clinical association of the defined target genes was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization on 48 metastatic tumors. Results: A high percentage of genes were consistently altered in dosage and expression levels with gain on 3q26.2-q26.32 and losses on 3 p12.3-p14.2 and 9p21.3-p23. Six candidate genes, GPR160 (3q 26 .2-q27), SKIL (3q26), ADAMTS9 (3p14.2-p14.3), LRIG1 (3p14, MPDZ (9p22-p 24), and ADFP (9p22.1) were validated by quantitative PCR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies revealed amplification of GPR160 (in 25% of cases) and SKIL (33%); and deletion of ADAMTS9 (30%), LRIG1 (35%), MPDZ 15%, and ADFP (15%). Clinical association analyses indicated a poor survival rate with genetic alterations at the defined 3p deletion (P = 0. 0012) and the 3q amplification regions P = 0.0114). Conclusion: The combined microarray technologies suggested novel candidate oncogenes, amplification of GPR160 and SKIL at 3q26.2-q26.32, and deletion of tumor suppressor genes ADAMTS9 and LRIG1 at 3p12 .3-p14.2. Altered expression of these genes may be responsible for malignant progression and could be used as potential markers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Ratchetaxis in Channels: Entry Point and Local Asymmetry Set Cell Directions in Confinement

International audienceCell motility is essential in a variety of biological phenomena ranging from early development to organ homeostasis and diseases. This phenomenon has mainly been studied and characterized on flat surfaces in vitro, whereas such conditions are rarely observed in vivo. Recently, cell motion in three-dimensional microfabricated channels was reported to be possible, and it was shown that confined cells push on walls. However, rules setting cell directions in this context have not yet been characterized. Here, we show by using assays that ratchetaxis operates in three-dimensional ratchets in fibroblasts and epithelial cancerous cells. Open ratchets rectify cell motion, whereas closed ratchets impose direct cell migration along channels set by the cell orientation at the channel entry point. We also show that nuclei are pressed in constriction zones through mechanisms involving dynamic asymmetries of focal contacts, stress fibers, and intermediate filaments. Interestingly, cells do not pass these constricting zones when they contain a defective keratin fusion protein implicated in squamous cancer. By combining ratchetaxis with chemical gradients, we finally report that cells are sensitive to local asymmetries in confinement and that topological and chemical cues may be encoded differently by cells. Overall, our ratchet channels could mimic small blood vessels in which cells such as circulating tumor cells are confined; cells can probe local asymmetries that determine their entry into tissues and their subsequent direction. Our results shed light on invasion mechanisms in cancer

Detection of Recurrent Cervical Cancer and Prediction of Its Patient Survival with Serum Squamous-Cell Carcinoma-Antigen and 2-[18F] Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of serum squamous-cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for the detection of recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the uterine cervix, and its prediction of patient survival. Methods: FDG-PET/CT was performed for patients with serum SCC-Ag levels elevated to &ge;1.5 ng/mL (Group 1) and those with suspicious recurrences without any increase in serum SCC-Ag levels (Group 2). The results were analyzed on the basis of histological data, disease progression and/or clinical follow-up. Recurrence was defined as evidence of recurrent lesions within 6 months of FDG-PET/CT. The outcome was determined using medical records. Results: In total, 88 consecutive patients with cervical SqCC cancer with suspected recurrence (62 in Group 1 and 26 in Group 2) were enrolled. Recurrences were observed in 55 patients (77.4% (48/62) in Group 1 vs. 26.9% (7/26) in Group 2, p &lt; 0.001). The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum SCC-Ag were 87.3%, 57.6% and 76.1%, respectively, and those of FDG-PET/CT were 98.2%, 90.9% and 95.5%, respectively; the corresponding values were 97.9%, 92.9% and 96.8% for Group 1 and 100%, 89.5% and 92.3% for Group 2. Surgical resection was performed for 16 patients. At the end of the study, 40.3% (25/62) of Group 1 patients and 88.5% (23/26) of Group 2 patients were alive (p &lt; 0.001). The survival of patients who underwent surgical resection for recurrent tumors was higher than that of patients who did not undergo resection (62.5% (10/16) vs. 17.9% (7/39), p = 0.001). Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) derived from FDG-PET/CT showed significantly different in-patient survival. Conclusions: Serum SCC-Ag could predict tumor recurrence and the survival of patients with SqCC cervical cancer. As such, the surgical resection of limited recurrent disease, as determined using FDG-PET/CT, might improve the survival of patients with cervical cancer. MTV and TLG may serve as a prognostic biomarker of survival in patients with recurrent cervical cancer

UBE2C Drives Human Cervical Cancer Progression and Is Positively Modulated by mTOR

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, accounting for 10% of all gynecological cancers. Recently, targeted therapy for cervical cancer has shown unprecedented advantages. Several studies have shown that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is highly expressed in a series of tumors, and participates in the progression of these tumors. However, the possible impact of UBE2C on the progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) remains unclear. Here, we carried out tissue microarray analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues from 294 cervical cancer patients with FIGO/TNM cancer staging records. The results indicated that UBE2C was highly expressed in human CESC tissues and its expression was related to the clinical characteristics of CESC patients. Overexpression and knockdown of UBE2C enhanced and reduced cervical cancer cell proliferation, respectively, in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that UBE2C regulated the expression and activity of the mTOR/PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, we confirmed that UBE2C is involved in the process of CESC and that UBE2C may represent a molecular target for CESC treatment

Application of simulation-based CYP26 SNP-environment barcodes for evaluating the occurrence of oral malignant disorders by odds ratio-based binary particle swarm optimization: A case-control study in the Taiwanese population.

IntroductionGenetic polymorphisms and social factors (alcohol consumption, betel quid (BQ) usage, and cigarette consumption), both separately or jointly, play a crucial role in the occurrence of oral malignant disorders such as oral and pharyngeal cancers and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD).Material and methodsSimultaneous analyses of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental effects on oral malignant disorders are essential to examine, albeit challenging. Thus, we conducted a case-control study (N = 576) to analyze the risk of occurrence of oral malignant disorders by using binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) with an odds ratio (OR)-based method.ResultsWe demonstrated that a combination of SNPs (CYP26B1 rs887844 and CYP26C1 rs12256889) and socio-demographic factors (age, ethnicity, and BQ chewing), referred to as the combined effects of SNP-environment, correlated with maximal risk diversity of occurrence observed between the oral malignant disorder group and the control group. The risks were more prominent in the oral and pharyngeal cancers group (OR = 10.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.58-23.15) than in the OPMD group (OR = 5.42; 95% CI = 1.94-15.12).ConclusionsSimulation-based "SNP-environment barcodes" may be used to predict the risk of occurrence of oral malignant disorders. Applying simulation-based "SNP-environment barcodes" may provide insight into the importance of screening tests in preventing oral and pharyngeal cancers and OPMD