Evaluación administrativa de la cooperativa Old Providence and Santa Catalina Fishing and Farming Cooperative Enterprise

La pesca se enmarca en las actividades económicas consideradas como vitales para el ser humano, brindando alimentos saludables, de gran importancia nutricional que ayuda al desarrollo de niños y contribuye a la salud de los adultos. La pesca se ha desarrollado en sus diversas estructuras y formas en los mares y ríos de los diferentes países en todo el mundo, e igualmente se ha visto prosperar una industria creciente y muy dinámica como lo es el cultivo de especies o acuicultura en los mismos ambientes, representada en 73,8 millones de toneladas según el último reporte de la FAO, debido al decrecimiento de la pesca de captura que representa 93,4 millones de toneladas al presentarse la sobrepesca debido al intenso esfuerzo pesquero, no bien regulado por las autoridades pesqueras de los países. En Colombia esta dinámica de la pesca presenta también cierta singularidad como la mayoría de los países. Es por ello que mediante este trabajo se busca evaluar una de las organizaciones de pesca artesanal en el departamento de San Andrés Providencia y Santa Catalina utilizando la metodología Canvas o Lienzo, y así recomendar las acciones administrativas necesarias, buscando un aliado comercial en la Isla de San Andrés tendiente a mejorar las relaciones comerciales y crecimiento en este mercado localAbstract: Fishing is part of the economic activities considered to be vital for the human being by providing healthy food of great nutritional importance that helps the development of children and contributes to the health of adults. Fishing has developed in its various structures and forms in the seas and rivers of different countries around the world, and has also seen a flourishing and very dynamic industry flourish as is the cultivation of species or aquaculture in the same environments represented in 73.8 million tons according to the latest report of FAO, due to the decrease in catch fish which represents 93.4 million tons, due to overfishing and the intense fishing effort, not regulated by the fishing authorities of the countries. In Colombia, this fishing dynamics also presents a certain uniqueness like most countries. In this work we try to evaluate one of the artisanal fisheries organizations in the department of San Andrés, Old Providence and Santa Catalina, using the Canvas methodology for Recommending administrative actions, such as that of a commercial ally in the island of San Andrés tending to improve commercial relations and growth in this local market for the fish and cooperativeMaestrí

Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained: Addressing the Critical Gaps in Risk-Taking Capital for Social Enterprise

The worldwide growth of social enterprise is threatened by a dearth of capital. Social enterprises need investment to grow and to innovate – investment that takes on the risk of the enterprise. This kind of capital cannot easily be pieced together from limited grants, conventional equity and ill-fitted debt. As increasing numbers of social entrepreneurs and mission-based financiers seek to enter the field, a question arises: Can the sector develop new instruments and stakeholder relationships to meet this challenge

Towards a fundamental astrometric reference system behind the Malleganic clouds : spectroscopic confirmation of new quasar candidates selected in the near-infrared

Quasi-stellar objects (quasars) located behind nearby galaxies provide an excellent absolute reference system for astrometric studies, but they are difficult to identify because of fore- and background contamination. We have embarked on a programme to expand the quasar reference system behind the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the Magellanic Bridge and Magellanic Stream. Hundreds of quasar candidates were selected, based on their near-infrared colours and variability properties from the ESO VISTA Magellanic Clouds (VMC) Public Survey. A subset of 49 objects was followed up with optical spectroscopy with FORS2. We confirmed the quasar nature of 37 objects (34 new identifications) that span a redshift range from z ~ 0.5 to 4.1

The VISTA Science Archive

We describe the VISTA Science Archive (VSA) and its first public release of data from five of the six VISTA Public Surveys. The VSA exists to support the VISTA Surveys through their lifecycle: the VISTA Public Survey consortia can use it during their quality control assessment of survey data products before submission to the ESO Science Archive Facility (ESO SAF); it supports their exploitation of survey data prior to its publication through the ESO SAF; and, subsequently, it provides the wider community with survey science exploitation tools that complement the data product repository functionality of the ESO SAF. This paper has been written in conjunction with the first public release of public survey data through the VSA and is designed to help its users understand the data products available and how the functionality of the VSA supports their varied science goals. We describe the design of the database and outline the database-driven curation processes that take data from nightly pipeline-processed and calibrated FITS files to create science-ready survey datasets. Much of this design, and the codebase implementing it, derives from our earlier WFCAM Science Archive (WSA), so this paper concentrates on the VISTA-specific aspects and on improvements made to the system in the light of experience gained in operating the WSA.Comment: 22 pages, 16 figures. Minor edits to fonts and typos after sub-editting. Published in A&

New quasars behind the Magellanic Clouds. Spectroscopic confirmation of near-infrared selected candidates

Context. Quasi-stellar objects (quasars) located behind nearby galaxies provide an excellent absolute reference system for astrometric studies, but they are difficult to identify because of fore- and background contamination. Deep wide-field, high angular resolution surveys spanning the entire area of nearby galaxies are needed to obtain a complete census of such quasars. Aims. We embarked on a program to expand the quasar reference system behind the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds, the Magellanic Bridge, and the Magellanic Stream that connects the Clouds with the Milky Way. Methods. Hundreds of quasar candidates were selected based on their near-infrared colors and variability properties from the ongoing public ESO VISTA Magellanic Clouds survey. A subset of 49 objects was followed up with optical spectroscopy. Results. We confirmed the quasar nature of 37 objects (34 new identifications): four are low redshift objects, three are probably stars, and the remaining three lack prominent spectral features for a secure classification. The bona fide quasars, identified from their broad emisison lines, are located as follows: 10 behind the LMC, 13 behind the SMC, and 14 behind the Bridge. The quasars span a redshift range from z ~ 0.5 to z ~ 4.1. Conclusions. Upon completion the VMC survey is expected to yield a total of ~1500 quasars with Y< 19.32 mag, J< 19.09 mag, and Ks< 18.04 mag

Mobile Home Living in Boise: Its Uncertain Future and Alarming Decline

In a city of 211,000, in a county where one in five earn less than the $10 an hour required to afford a modest apartment, one in twenty-five houses is a steel-framed aluminum home. An estimated 5,412 Boiseans occupy 2,706 manufactured houses in 50 mobile home parks. Half are seniors with a median annual income of$20,000. Most are female. Nearly half have a chronic medical condition. One in four rent space in a park listed for sale or slated for redevelopment. At least 900 have been evicted since the peak of the real estate boom in 2004. In September 2006, as reports of the displaced spread alarm through the Treasure Valley, the Office of the President at Boise State University launched a policy study to consider what might be done. The researchers were three social science professors, three graduate students, and the city’s housing manager. In 2007 a mailing of 1,485 questionnaires yielded 548 respondents. The researchers also examined the history and economics of manufactured housing and searched for policy options from other cities and states

Towards a Fundamental Astrometric Reference System behind the Magellanic Clouds: Spectroscopic Confirmation of New Quasar Candidates Selected in the Near-infrared

Quasi-stellar objects (quasars) locatedbehind nearby galaxies provide anexcellent absolute reference system forastrometric studies, but they are diffi-cult to identify because of fore- andbackground contamination. We haveembarked on a programme to expandthe quasar reference system behindthe Large and Small Magellanic Clouds,the Magellanic Bridge and MagellanicStream. Hundreds of quasar candidateswere selected, based on their near-infrared colours and variability proper-ties from the ESO VISTA MagellanicClouds (VMC) Public Survey. A subsetof 49 objects was followed up with opti-cal spectroscopy with FORS2. We con-firmed the quasar nature of 37 objects(34 new identifications) that span a red-shift range from z ~ 0.5 to 4.1.Fil: Ivanov, Valentin D.. No especifíca;Fil: Cioni, Maria Rosa L.. Universitat Potsdam; Alemania. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam; Alemania. University of Hertfordshire; Reino UnidoFil: Bekki, Kenji. The University of Western Australia; AustraliaFil: de Grijs, Richard. Peking University; China. International Space Science Institute; ChinaFil: Emerson, Jim. Queen Mary University of London; Reino UnidoFil: Gibson, Brad K.. University of Hull; Reino UnidoFil: Kamath, Devika. Instituut voor Sterrenkunde; BélgicaFil: van Loon, Jacco Th.. Keele University; Reino UnidoFil: Piatti, Andres Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: For, Bi Qing. The University of Western Australia; Australi

The VMC survey - XI : Radial Stellar Population Gradients in the Galactic Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae

Copyright American Astronomical SocietyWe present a deep near-infrared color-magnitude diagram of the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tucanae, obtained with the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) as part of the VISTA near-infrared Y, J, Ks survey of the Magellanic System (VMC). The cluster stars comprising both the subgiant and red giant branches exhibit apparent, continuous variations in color-magnitude space as a function of radius. Subgiant branch stars at larger radii are systematically brighter than their counterparts closer to the cluster core; similarly, red-giant-branch stars in the cluster's periphery are bluer than their more centrally located cousins. The observations can very well be described by adopting an age spread of ~0.5 Gyr as well as radial gradients in both the cluster's helium abundance (Y) and metallicity (Z), which change gradually from (Y = 0.28, Z = 0.005) in the cluster core to (Y = 0.25, Z = 0.003) in its periphery. We conclude that the cluster's inner regions host a significant fraction of second-generation stars, which decreases with increasing radius; the stellar population in the 47 Tuc periphery is well approximated by a simple stellar population.Peer reviewe

Where Do We Go from Here? Prevalence of Trachoma Three Years after Stopping Mass Distribution of Antibiotics in the Regions of Kayes and Koulikoro, Mali

Trachoma, a blinding bacterial disease, is targeted for elimination by 2020. To achieve the elimination target, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends member states implement the SAFE strategy; surgery, mass administration of antibiotics, promotion of hygiene and facial cleanliness and water and sanitation as environmental improvements. We present results from evaluation surveys conducted in 2006 and 2009 from the regions of Kayes and Koulikoro, Mali. Prevalence of active trachoma in 2006 was below baseline intervention thresholds in all surveyed districts and the national program stopped antibiotic distribution. The prevalence of trachoma in 2009 remained well below levels in 1998. However, in 8 of 13 districts compared, the prevalence of active trachoma was higher in 2009 than 2006. Three years of antibiotic intervention did not equate in all districts to a sustained reduction of active trachoma. No surveillance activities were implemented after stopping interventions. Surgical interventions may have reduced the burden of blinding trachoma but there is an ongoing need for surgeries specifically targeting affected women. Four districts meet the WHO criteria for resuming district-wide mass antibiotic distribution. A community-by-community approach to elimination may be needed in other districts. The promotion of facial cleanliness and good hygiene behavior should be reintroduced