Catalytic Decomposition of Pyrolysis Fuel Oil over in Situ Carbon-Coated Ferrierite Zeolite for Selective Hydrogen Production

Catalytic decomposition of pyrolysis fuel oils (PFO) for selective production of hydrogen without any significant formation of greenhouse gas (CO₂ and CH₄) was investigated using ferrierite (FER) zeolites with different Si/Al molar ratios. The hydrogen production rate based on the feed moles of PFO was maximized on the FER having a Si/Al molar ratio of 10.4, and the hydrogen production rate on the FER zeolites was well correlated with their amounts of strong acid sites which easily form the active coke intermediates. In situ generated crystalline coke precursors on the acidic FER(10) surfaces having larger amounts of defect sites further played an important role as catalytic active sites for PFO decomposition and reforming reaction of CH₄ generated as a main byproduct. The crystalline phases of the encapsulated graphitic carbon layers formed on the outer surfaces of the FER zeolites were strongly affected by their original acidic strengths, which simultaneously altered a steady-state hydrogen production rate with different product distributions of liquid-phase polycyclic aromatic components. Less amounts of amorphous polyaromatic chemicals were formed on the most active FER(10) by easy decomposition reactions of the cracked intermediates from PFO. Although the initial activity of catalytic PFO decomposition was well correlated with the number of acidic sites of FER zeolites, the steady-state production rate of pure hydrogen was significantly affected by the newly formed surface coke properties on the carbon-encapsulated FER such as its crystallinity and number of defect sites. The FER(10) showed a higher catalytic activity for PFO decomposition due to its abundant strong acidic sites and newly formed active graphitic carbon layers for a further CH₄ reforming reaction

Additional file 1 of Modulation of bioactive calcium phosphate micro/nanoparticle size and shape during in situ synthesis of photo-crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl based nanocomposite hydrogels for 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering

Additional file 1: Figure 1. (a) viscosity at shear rate 1 s-1 for different gels with different UV exposure time; Viscosity changes with shear rate for different UV exposure time of different gels, (b) GelMA, (c) CNP + GelMA, (d) CNP (50%) GelMA, and (e) CNP GelMA. Figure 2. MTT assay with MC3T3 cells for the hydrogels and CNP samples, where control is only medium. Figure 3. Phase contrast images on Day 8 of AdMSC cells cultured on Hydrogel samples for RT PCR study; (a) Control, (b) GelMA, (c) CNP + GelMA, (d) CNP GelMA. Table 1. The primer sequences used for qRT-PC

High-Energy and Long-Lasting Organic Electrode for a Rechargeable Aqueous Battery

Redox-active organic materials (ROMs) hold great promise as potential electrode materials for eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable batteries; however, the poor cycle stability arising from the chronic dissolution issue of the ROMs in generic battery systems has impeded their practical employment. Herein, we present that a rational selection of electrolytes considering the solubility tendency can unlock the hidden full redox capability of the DMPZ electrode (i.e., 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine) with unprecedentedly high reversibility. It is demonstrated that a multiredox activity of DMPZ/DMPZ+/DMPZ2+, which has been previously regarded to degrade with repeated cycles, in the newly designed electrolyte can be utilized with surprisingly robust cycle stability over 1000 cycles at 1C. This work signifies that tailoring the electrode–electrolyte compatibility can possibly unleash the hidden potential of many common ROMs, catalyzing the rediscovery of organic electrodes with long-lasting and high energy density