Supervisi Akademik oleh Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Sdn 02 Bengkayang

: This study: 1) the effectiveness of the supervision of an academic supervisor in enhancing the professional competence of teachers Christian education at SDN 02 Bengkayang, 2) the constraints faced by the Principal in conducting academic supervision, and a solution to the academic supervision Principal can improve the professional competence of teachers of Religious Education Christians in SDN 02 Bengkayang. The informants are Principal, Christian Religious Education teacher, and fifth graders of SDN 02 Bengkayang Christians. Data were collected through interviews, observation and documentation. Technique authenticity of data using triangulation sources. Analyzed using an interactive model. The results showed that: 1) the academic supervision made Principal quite effective in improving teachers\u27 professional competence Christian education reflected in an increasing. 2) Barriers experienced Principal in academic supervision is the lack of time to conduct academic supervision. 3) The solution of these obstacles is the delegation of tasks to senior teachers to conduct academic supervision

Design and experiments of a self-charged power bank by harvesting sustainable human motion

In this study, a self-charged power bank integrated with an energy harvester was developed to harness human biomechanical energy and sustainably recharge a power bank. In the energy harvester, a spring–mass damping system is used to transform the human body’s movement during walking into the rotation of a gear train and drive rotary generators to produce electricity to recharge the battery through a rectifying circuit. A mathematical model was built to examine the power output of the energy harvester under different excitation conditions. A prototype was built to test the performances of the harvester, and experiments on the prototype fixed on the ankle, wrist, and torso were conducted, which indicated that the measured power output was 0.35 W, 0.16 W, and 10 mW, respectively, when testers walked at 2.0 m/s (the circular frequency of foot step is about 14.5 rad/s). The experiments indicate that a higher walking velocity as well as excitation amplitude and frequency could result in higher output power

The effect of fluorine modification on hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties and photocatalytic performance of SiO₂@TiO₂ hybrids

Hydrophobic fluorine modified SiO2@TiO2 hybrids were prepared by a post-grafting method followed by a solvothermal method.F-SiO2 precursor was firstly prepared via a simple post-grafting process using triethoxyfluorosilane as a fluorine-containing silylation agent.Then,nano-sized TiO2 particles were formed on the surface of F-SiO2 to form F-SiO2@TiO2 by a solvothermal process.Different characterizations were performed to show the detailed structure of F-SiO2@TiO2 hybrids such as TEM,XRD,XPS and N2 adsorption-desorption etc.The results show that F-SiO2@TiO2 hybrids with core-shell structure own large surface area,well-ordered mesoporous structure as well as high thermostability.On the other hand,the well dispersed TiO2 particles with small and similar size display high crystallinity and strong interaction with F-SiO2.Both the adsorption and the photocatalytic experiments toward degradation of organic compounds show that increasing the content of TEFS reagent could suppress the adsorption of H2O on the surface of F-SiO2@TiO2 hybrid.As a result,the F-SiO2@TiO2 samples display higher hydrophobic properties and higher photocatalytic activities than SiO2@TiO2 sample

Circulating unmethylated insulin DNA as a potential non-invasive biomarker of beta cell death in type 1 Diabetes: a review and future prospect

Abstract Background The early detection of type 1 diabetes (T1D) largely depends on a reliable approach to monitor β cell loss. An effective way to evaluate the decline of β cell mass would allow early preventative intervention to preserve insulin secretion. Main body Recent progress in the development of novel biomarkers, based on tissue-specific methylation patterns, has inspired relevant studies in T1D. In this review, we focus on the application of circulating β cell-derived unmethylated insulin (INS) DNA. Circulating β cell-derived unmethylated INS DNA has a potential clinical value for the early detection of T1D, surveillance of islet transplantation rejection, and evaluation of response to therapy. Utilizing differentiated methylation patterns in different organs and employing a wide variety of molecular technologies also provide insights into the interrogation of biomarkers in other diseases with massive tissue-specific cell loss. Conclusion Circulating unmethylated INS DNA is a promising molecular biomarker for the early detection of T1D

National Prociency Testing Result of CYP2D6*10 Genotyping for Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy in China.

Tamoxifen has been successfully used for treating breast cancer and preventing cancer recurrence. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) plays a key role in the process of metabolizing tamoxifen to its active moiety, endoxifen. Patients with variants of the CYP2D6 gene may not receive the full benefit of tamoxifen treatment. The CYP2D6*10 variant (the most common variant in Asians) was analyzed to optimize the prescription of tamoxifen in China. To ensure referring clinicians have accurate information for genotype-guided tamoxifen treatment, the Chinese National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) organized a national proficiency testing (PT) to evaluate the performance of laboratories providing CYP2D6*10 genotyping. Ten genomic DNA samples with CYP2D6 wild-type or CYP2D6*10 variants were validated by PCR-sequencing and sent to 28 participant laboratories. The genotyping results and pharmacogenomic test reports were submitted and evaluated by NCCL experts. Additional information regarding the number of samples tested, the accreditation/certification status, and detecting technology was also requested. Thirty-one data sets were received, with a corresponding analytical sensitivity of 98.2% (548/558 challenges; 95% confidence interval: 96.7-99.1%) and an analytic specificity of 96.5% (675/682; 95% confidence interval: 97.9-99.5%). Overall, 25/28 participants correctly identified CYP2D6*10 status in 10 samples; however, two laboratories made serious genotyping errors. Most of the essential information was included in the 20 submitted CYP2D6*10 test reports. The majority of Chinese laboratories are reliable for detecting the CYP2D6*10 variant; however, several issues revealed in this study underline the importance of PT schemes in continued external assessment and provision of guidelines

Implementation of Cell Samples as Controls in National Proficiency Testing for Clopidogrel Therapy-Related CYP2C19 Genotyping in China: A Novel Approach.

Laboratories are increasingly requested to perform CYP2C19 genetic testing when managing clopidogrel therapy, especially in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. To ensure high quality molecular testing and ascertain that the referring clinician has the correct information for CYP2C19 genotype-directed antiplatelet therapy, a proficiency testing scheme was set up to evaluate the laboratory performance for the entire testing process. Proficiency panels of 10 cell samples encompassing the common CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms were distributed to 62 participating laboratories for routine molecular testing and the responses were analyzed for accuracy of genotyping and the reporting of results. Data including the number of samples tested, the accreditation/certification status, and test methodology of each individual laboratory were also reviewed. Fifty-seven of the 62 participants correctly identified the CYP2C19 variants in all samples. There were six genotyping errors, with a corresponding analytical sensitivity of 98.5% (333/338 challenges; 95% confidence interval: 96.5-99.5%) and an analytic specificity of 99.6% (281/282; 95% confidence interval: 98.0-99.9%). Reports of the CYP2C19 genotyping results often lacked essential information. In conclusion, clinical laboratories demonstrated good analytical sensitivity and specificity; however, the pharmacogenetic testing community requires additional education regarding the correct reporting of CYP2C19 genetic test results

Molecular Genetics External Quality Assessment Pilot Scheme for Irinotecan-Related UGT1A1 Genotyping in China.

Irinotecan is widely used in the treatment of solid tumors, especially in colorectal cancer and lung cancer. Molecular testing for UGT1A1 genotyping is increasingly required in China for optimum irinotecan administration. In order to determine the performance of laboratories with regard to the whole testing process for UGT1A1 to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the test results, the National Center for Clinical Laboratories conducted an external quality assessment program for UGT1A1*28 genotyping in 2015. The panel, which comprised of four known mutational samples and six wild-type samples, was distributed to 45 laboratories that test for the presence of UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms. Participating laboratories were allowed to perform polymorphism analysis by using their routine methods. The accuracy of the genotyping and reporting of results was analyzed. Other information from the individual laboratories, including the number of samples tested each month, accreditation/certification status, and test methodology, was reviewed. Forty-four of the 45 participants reported the correct results for all samples. There was only one genotyping error, with a corresponding analytical sensitivity of 99.44% (179/180 challenges; 95% confidence interval: 96.94-99.99%) and an analytical specificity of 100% (270/270 challenges; 95% confidence interval: 98.64-100%). Both commercial kits and laboratory development tests were commonly used by the laboratories, and pyrosequencing was the main methodology used (n = 26, 57.8%). The style of the written reports showed large variation, and many reports showed a shortage of information. In summary, the first UGT1A1 genotyping external quality assessment result demonstrated that UGT1A1 genotype analysis of good quality was performed in the majority of pharmacogenetic testing centers that were investigated. However, greater education on the reporting of UGT1A1 genetic testing results is needed

Compressive strength evaluation of cement-based materials in sulphate environment using optimized deep learning technology

Strength serves as a vital performance metric for assessing long-term durability of cement-based materials. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of models available for predicting residual strength of in-situ structures made of cement-based materials exposed to sulphate conditions. To address this challenge, this study presents a novel approach using deep learning to predict the degradation of compressive strength of cement-based materials under marine environments. Specifically, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is established, consisting of two convolutional layers, one pooling layer, and two fully connected layers. In this innovative model, contents of cement, water-to-cement ratio, sand, sulphate concentration and exposure temperature are selected as inputs, while the output is strength of cement-based materials subjected to sulphate deterioration. To improve the forecast capability, particle swarm optimization is adopted for optimizing hyperparameters of DCNN, which can be implemented by reducing the discrepancy between model prediction and measured strength. Finally, experimental data are used to establish and evaluate proposed method. The results show that the proposed deep learning-based predictive model has the best performance of strength degradation prediction of cement-based materials suffering from sulphate attack via a comparison with other commonly used models. The outcome of this research offers a potential solution for predicting remaining strength of cement-based materials that undergo practical sulphate attack