2,765 research outputs found
Quantum Dot in Z-shaped Graphene Nanoribbon
Stimulated by recent advances in isolating graphene, we discovered that
quantum dot can be trapped in Z-shaped graphene nanoribbon junciton. The
topological structure of the junction can confine electronic states completely.
By varying junction length, we can alter the spatial confinement and the number
of discrete levels within the junction. In addition, quantum dot can be
realized regardless of substrate induced static disorder or irregular edges of
the junction. This device can be used to easily design quantum dot devices.
This platform can also be used to design zero-dimensional functional nanoscale
electronic devices using graphene ribbons.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Tensor coupling effects on spin symmetry in anti-Lambda spectrum of hypernuclei
The effects of -tensor coupling on the spin
symmetry of spectra in -nucleus systems have
been studied with the relativistic mean-field theory. Taking
C+ as an example, it is found that the tensor coupling
enlarges the spin-orbit splittings of by an order of magnitude
although its effects on the wave functions of are negligible.
Similar conclusions has been observed in -nucleus of different
mass regions, including O+, Ca+ and
Pb+. It indicates that the spin symmetry in
anti-lambda-nucleus systems is still good irrespective of the tensor coupling.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures
Core Polarization and Tensor Coupling Effects on Magnetic Moments of Hypernuclei
The effects of core polarization and tensor coupling on the magnetic moments
in C, O, and Ca
-hypernuclei are studied in the Dirac equation with scalar, vector and
tensor potentials. It is found that the effect of core polarization on the
magnetic moments is suppressed by tensor coupling. The
tensor potential reduces the spin-orbit splitting of states
considerably. However, almost the same magnetic moments are obtained using the
hyperon wave function obtained via the Dirac equation either with or without
the tensor potential in the electromagnetic current vertex. The
deviations of magnetic moments for states from the Schmidt values
are found to increase with nuclear mass number.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 table
Enhanced Strong Coupling between Spin Ensemble and non-Hermitian Topological Edge States
Light-matter interaction is crucial to both understanding fundamental
phenomena and developing versatile applications. Strong coupling, robustness,
and controllability are the three most important aspects in realizing
light-matter interactions. Topological and non-Hermitian photonics, have
provided frameworks for robustness and extensive control freedom, respectively.
How to engineer the properties of the edge state such as photonic density of
state, scattering parameters by using non-Hermitian engineering while ensuring
topological protection has not been fully studied. Here we construct a
parity-time-symmetric dimerized photonic lattice and generate complex-valued
edge states via spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking. The enhanced strong coupling
between the topological photonic edge mode and magnon mode in a ferromagnetic
spin ensemble is demonstrated. Our research reveals the subtle non-Hermitian
topological edge states and provides strategies for realizing and engineering
topological light-matter interactions.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Squeezing Microwave Fields via Magnetostrictive Interaction
Squeezed light finds many important applications in quantum information
science and quantum metrology, and has been produced in a variety of physical
systems involving optical nonlinear processes. Here, we show how a nonlinear
magnetostrictive interaction in a ferrimagnet in cavity magnomechanics can be
used to reduce quantum noise of the electromagnetic field. We show optimal
parameter regimes where a substantial and stationary squeezing of the microwave
output field can be achieved. The scheme can be realized within the reach of
current technology in cavity electromagnonics and magnomechanics. Our work
provides a new and practicable approach for producing squeezed vacuum states of
electromagnetic fields, and may find promising applications in quantum
information processing and quantum metrology.Comment: comments are welcom
Type I interferon signaling facilitates the development of IL-10-producing effector CD8+ T cells during influenza virus infection
Recent evidence has suggested that IL-10-producing effector CD8+ T cells play an important role in regulating excessive inflammation during acute viral infections. However, the cellular and molecular cues regulating the development of IL-10-producing effector CD8+ T cells are not completely defined. Here, we show that type I interferons (IFNs) are required for the development of IL-10-producing effector CD8+ T cells during influenza virus infection in mice. We find that type I IFNs can enhance IL-27 production by lung APCs, thereby facilitating IL-10-producing CD8+ T-cell development through a CD8+ T-cell-nonautonomous way. Surprisingly, we also demonstrate that direct type I IFN signaling in CD8+ T cells is required for the maximal generation of IL-10-producing CD8+ T cells. Type I IFN signaling in CD8+ T cells, in cooperation with IL-27 and IL-2 signaling, promotes and sustains the expression of IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), two transcription factors required for the production of IL-10 by effector CD8+ T cells. Our data reveal a critical role of the innate antiviral effector cytokines in regulating the production of a regulatory cytokine by effector CD8+ T cells during respiratory virus infection
Global distributions of age- and sex-related arterial stiffness:systematic review and meta-analysis of 167 studies with 509,743 participants
Background: Arterial stiffening is central to the vascular ageing process and a powerful predictor and cause of diverse vascular pathologies and mortality. We investigated age and sex trajectories, regional differences, and global reference values of arterial stiffness as assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods: Measurements of brachial-ankle or carotid-femoral PWV (baPWV or cfPWV) in generally healthy participants published in three electronic databases between database inception and August 24th, 2020 were included, either as individual participant-level or summary data received from collaborators (n = 248,196) or by extraction from published reports (n = 274,629). Quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Instrument. Variation in PWV was estimated using mixed-effects meta-regression and Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape. Findings: The search yielded 8920 studies, and 167 studies with 509,743 participants from 34 countries were included. PWV depended on age, sex, and country. Global age-standardised means were 12.5 m/s (95% confidence interval: 12.1–12.8 m/s) for baPWV and 7.45 m/s (95% CI: 7.11–7.79 m/s) for cfPWV. Males had higher global levels than females of 0.77 m/s for baPWV (95% CI: 0.75–0.78 m/s) and 0.35 m/s for cfPWV (95% CI: 0.33–0.37 m/s), but sex differences in baPWV diminished with advancing age. Compared to Europe, baPWV was substantially higher in the Asian region (+1.83 m/s, P = 0.0014), whereas cfPWV was higher in the African region (+0.41 m/s, P < 0.0001) and differed more by country (highest in Poland, Russia, Iceland, France, and China; lowest in Spain, Belgium, Canada, Finland, and Argentina). High vs. other country income was associated with lower baPWV (−0.55 m/s, P = 0.048) and cfPWV (−0.41 m/s, P < 0.0001).Interpretation: China and other Asian countries featured high PWV, which by known associations with central blood pressure and pulse pressure may partly explain higher Asian risk for intracerebral haemorrhage and small vessel stroke. Reference values provided may facilitate use of PWV as a marker of vascular ageing, for prediction of vascular risk and death, and for designing future therapeutic interventions. Funding: This study was supported by the excellence initiative VASCage funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency, by the National Science Foundation of China, and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province. Detailed funding information is provided as part of the Acknowledgments after the main text.</p
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