The <i>K_m</i> value of opPPL and commercial PPL against p-NPP determined by Lineweaver-Burk method.

<p>(A) The <i>K_m</i> value of opPPL. (B) The <i>K_m</i> value of commercial PPL.</p

Effect of metal ions on opPPL and commercial PPL activity.

<p>(A),(B),(C) and (D) represent the effect of Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the activity of opPPL and commercial PPL, respectively. y means relative enzyme activity; x means concentration of the metal ions; These assays were performed as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114385#s2" target="_blank">Materials and methods</a> using 10.0 mM p-NPP as substrate(n = 3). The maximum value was taken as 100%.</p

Comparison of opPPL and commercial PPL activity.

<p>(A) Effect of pH on the activity of opPPL and commercial PPL. (B) Effect of temperature on the activity of opPPL and commercial PPL.(C) The thermostability of commercial PPL. (D) The thermostability of purified opPPL. These assays were performed as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114385#s2" target="_blank">Materials and methods</a> using 10.0 mM p-NPP as substrate (n = 3). The maximum value was taken as 100%.</p

Sequence of primers.

<p>Sequence of primers.</p

Construction of opPPL/pPICZαA.

<p>Lane 1, PCR products of the opPPL cDNA; Lane 2, <i>Xho</i> I and <i>Xba</i> I–digested opPPL/pPICZαA; Lane M, molecular Marker.</p

SDS-PAGE identification of opPPL expressed in <i>P.pastoris</i> and comparison of recombination PPL yield.

<p>(A) Identification of opPPL expressed in <i>P.pastoris</i> by 12% SDS-PAGE. Lane M, molecular markers; lane 1, crude supernatant from control pPICZαA; lane 2, crude supernatant from opPPL-13; lane 3, purified opPPL. (B) Comparsion of recombination PPL yields. Lane M, molecular markers; lane 1, crude supernatant from control pPICZαA(10 µl); lane 2, crude supernatant from naPPL/pPICZαA(10 µl); lane 3, crude supernatant from opPPL-13(10 µl); Lane 4, BSA standard protein bands (1 µg); Lane5,BSA standard protein bands (2 µg).</p

Schematic representation of expression vector opPPL/pPICZαA with <i>5′AOX1</i> promoter, fusion partner <i>c-myc</i> epitope, and 6×His tag.

<p>Schematic representation of expression vector opPPL/pPICZαA with <i>5′AOX1</i> promoter, fusion partner <i>c-myc</i> epitope, and 6×His tag.</p

Pancreatic atrophy caused by dietary selenium deficiency induces hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia via global down-regulation of selenoprotein encoding genes in broilers - Fig 4

<p><b>Effects of dietary Se deficiency on relative mRNA levels of the selenoprotein encoding genes in liver (A), muscle (B) and pancreas (C) of chickens compared with those fed the control diet at fifth week</b>. Data are presented as means ± SE (<i>n</i> = 6). Asterisks indicate different from control: *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01.</p

Pancreatic atrophy caused by dietary selenium deficiency induces hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia via global down-regulation of selenoprotein encoding genes in broilers - Fig 4

<p><b>Effects of dietary Se deficiency on relative mRNA levels of the selenoprotein encoding genes in liver (A), muscle (B) and pancreas (C) of chickens compared with those fed the control diet at fifth week</b>. Data are presented as means ± SE (<i>n</i> = 6). Asterisks indicate different from control: *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01.</p

Effects of dietary Se deficiency on antioxidant attributes measurements in plasma, liver, muscle and pancreas at fifth week.

<p>Effects of dietary Se deficiency on antioxidant attributes measurements in plasma, liver, muscle and pancreas at fifth week.</p