Treatment of ultra high-pressure brine overflow by drainage brine with controlling pressure technology

Overflow of high -pressure brine causes stratification and sedimentation of drilling fluid, which damages the performance of drilling fluid and lead to serious accidents such as sticking. In the face of saltwater overflow, the common practice is to increase the density of drilling fluid to prevent and deal with it. However, increasing the density will lead to serious lost circulation in the thief layer, thus aggravating the saltwater overflow. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward a method of drainage brine with controlling pressure to deal with the overflow of high -pressure brine layer. Through laboratory experiments, the pollution capacity limit of high -pressure brine on oil-based drilling fluid was determined, and the drainage brine with controlling pressure technology was systematically proposed. The controlled pressure water drainage treatment technology has been successful applied in 4 Wells drilling in ultra- deep salt paste formation in Tarim Basin

Treatment of ultra high-pressure brine overflow by drainage brine with controlling pressure technology

Overflow of high -pressure brine causes stratification and sedimentation of drilling fluid, which damages the performance of drilling fluid and lead to serious accidents such as sticking. In the face of saltwater overflow, the common practice is to increase the density of drilling fluid to prevent and deal with it. However, increasing the density will lead to serious lost circulation in the thief layer, thus aggravating the saltwater overflow. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward a method of drainage brine with controlling pressure to deal with the overflow of high -pressure brine layer. Through laboratory experiments, the pollution capacity limit of high -pressure brine on oil-based drilling fluid was determined, and the drainage brine with controlling pressure technology was systematically proposed. The controlled pressure water drainage treatment technology has been successful applied in 4 Wells drilling in ultra- deep salt paste formation in Tarim Basin

Spatiotemporal Variation and Driving Analysis of Groundwater in the Tibetan Plateau Based on GRACE Downscaling Data

The special geographical environment of the Tibetan Plateau makes ground observation of Ground Water Storage (GWS) changes difficult, and the data obtained from the GRACE gravity satellites can effectively solve this problem. However, it is difficult to investigate the detailed GWS changes because of the coarser spatial resolution of GRACE data. In this paper, we constructed a 0.1° resolution groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) dataset on the Tibetan Plateau from 2002 to 2020 based on a phased statistical downscaling model and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of the GWSA in order to better study the changes of GWS on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The results show that: (1) In the Tibetan Plateau and 12 sub-basins, the GWSA before and after downscaling show a very high correlation in time series and relatively good performance in spatial consistency, and the downscaled GWSA indicate a consistent trend with the measured groundwater level. (2) The GWSA on the Tibetan Plateau shows a downward trend (−0.45 mm/yr) from 2002 to 2020, and the variation trend of the GWSA in the Tibetan Plateau shows significant spatial heterogeneity. (3) The GWSA changes in the Tibetan Plateau are mainly dominated by natural factors, but the influence of human activities in individual sub-basins can not be ignored. Among the teleconnection factors, El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index (ENSO) has the greatest influence on the GWSA on the Tibetan Plateau

Progress in the research of Ground Bounce Removal for Landmine Detection with Ground Penetrating radar

Abstract Downward looking ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been considered a viable technology for landmine detection. For such a GPR with the antennas positioned very close to the ground surface, the reflections from the ground surface, i.e., the ground bounce, are very strong and can completely dominate the weak returns from shallowly buried plastic mines. Hence, one of the key challenges of using GPRs for landmine detection is to remove the ground bounce as completely as possible without altering the landmine return. In this paper, we first review existing ground bounce removal algorithms. Then two newly devised adaptive ground bounce removal algorithms, ASaS (Adaptive Shifted and Scaled algorithm) and RLP (Robust Linear Prediction) will be presented. Both ASaS and RLP are based on a flexible data model applicable to rough ground surface and an effective generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) based non-homogeneous detector is devised to further improve their performance. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are more robust than conventional ground bounce removal algorithms

Development of Flow Cytometric Assay for Detecting Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Related hsa-miR-146b-5p through Toehold-Mediated Strand Displacement Reaction on Magnetic Beads

In this work, a simple enzyme-free flow cytometric assay (termed as TSDR-based flow cytometric assay) has been developed for the detection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-related microRNA (miRNA), hsa-miR-146b-5p with high performance through the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction (TSDR) on magnetic beads (MBs). The complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe of hsa-miR-146b-5p was first immobilized on the surface of MB, which can partly hybridize with the carboxy-fluorescein (FAM)-modified ssDNA, resulting in strong fluorescence emission. In the presence of hsa-miR-146b-5p, the TSDR is trigged, and the FAM-modified ssDNA is released form the MB surface due to the formation of DNA/RNA heteroduplexes on the MB surface. The fluorescence emission change of MBs can be easily read by flow cytometry and is strongly dependent on the concentration of hsa-miR-146b-5p. Under optimal conditions, the TSDR-based flow cytometric assay exhibits good specificity, a wide linear range from 5 to 5000 pM and a relatively low detection limit (LOD, 3σ) of 4.21 pM. Moreover, the practicability of the assay was demonstrated by the analysis of hsa-miR-146b-5p amounts in different PTC cells and clinical PTC tissues

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Brushes as Peptide/Protein Microarray Substrate for Improving Protein Binding and Functionality

We developed a three-dimensional (3D) polymer-brush substrate for protein and peptide microarray fabrication, and this substrate was facilely prepared by copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) on a glass slide. The performance of obtained poly­(glycidyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (P­(GMA-HEMA)) brush substrate was assessed by binding of human IgG with rabbit antihuman IgG antibodies on a protein microarray and by the determination of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities on a peptide microarray. The P­(GMA-HEMA) brush substrate exhibited higher immobilization capacities for proteins and peptides than those of a two-dimensional (2D) planar epoxy slide. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the P­(GMA-HEMA) brush-based microarray on rabbit antihuman IgG antibody detection was much higher than that of its 2D counterpart. The enzyme activities of MMPs were determined specifically with a low detection limit of 6.0 pg mL^–1 for MMP-2 and 5.7 pg mL^–1 for MMP-9. By taking advantage of the biocompatibility of PHEMA, the P­(GMA-HEMA) brush-based peptide microarray was also employed to evaluate the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by cells cultured off the chip or directly on the chip, and satisfactory results were obtained

An enhancer variant at 16q22.1 predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating PRMT7 expression

Abstract Most cancer causal variants are found in gene regulatory elements, e.g., enhancers. However, enhancer variants predisposing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unreported. Here we conduct a genome-wide survey of HCC-susceptible enhancer variants through a three-stage association study in 11,958 individuals and identify rs73613962 (T &gt; G) within the intronic region of PRMT7 at 16q22.1 as a susceptibility locus of HCC (OR = 1.41, P = 6.02 × 10⁻¹⁰). An enhancer dual-luciferase assay indicates that the rs73613962-harboring region has allele-specific enhancer activity. CRISPR-Cas9/dCas9 experiments further support the enhancer activity of this region to regulate PRMT7 expression. Mechanistically, transcription factor HNF4A binds to this enhancer region, with preference to the risk allele G, to promote PRMT7 expression. PRMT7 upregulation contributes to in vitro, in vivo, and clinical HCC-associated phenotypes, possibly by affecting the p53 signaling pathway. This concept of HCC pathogenesis may open a promising window for HCC prevention/treatment