Mapping Wuhan

Chinese cities have been expanding since the early 1980s under trends of rapid modernization, urbanization and globalization. Since then they have changed dramatically, and have in the process lost many of their traditional environments and spatial characteristics. Urban planners and designers have been and are facing unprecedented challenges in China. They not only have to learn to understand the constantly emerging new urban mechanisms, and seek balance among stakeholders, but they also need to cope with the political pressures and the changing context under often extreme time pressure. In such circumstances, future- and design-oriented analysis based on a designerly way of thinking is useful—if not indispensable—for understanding the existing city and deciding on its transformations in a responsible and accountable way that is communicable among designers and with the public. This is especially so, in light of the growing awareness—also in China—of the value and importance of local urban identity, that is always—at least partially—based on history. In this atlas the Delft method of historical morphological analysis is applied to the city of Wuhan, valuing the importance of and finding meaning in the local urban identity of a city with a population over 11 million with a floating population of 14 million. The series of maps show the urban development, covering a century and a half

Mapping Wuhan: Morphological atlas of the Urbanization of a Chinese City

Chinese cities have been expanding since the early 1980s under trends of rapid modernization, urbanization and globalization. Since then they have changed dramatically, and have in the process lost many of their traditional environments and spatial characteristics. Urban planners and designers have been and are facing unprecedented challenges in China. They not only have to learn to understand the constantly emerging new urban mechanisms, and seek balance among stakeholders, but they also need to cope with the political pressures and the changing context under often extreme time pressure. In such circumstances, future- and design-oriented analysis based on a designerly way of thinking is useful—if not indispensable—for understanding the existing city and deciding on its transformations in a responsible and accountable way that is communicable among designers and with the public. This is especially so, in light of the growing awareness—also in China—of the value and importance of local urban identity, that is always—at least partially—based on history. In this atlas the Delft method of historical morphological analysis is applied to the city of Wuhan, valuing the importance of and finding meaning in the local urban identity of a city with a population over 11 million with a floating population of 14 million. The series of maps show the urban development, covering a century and a half

Bioinformatic and systems biology approach revealing the shared genes and molecular mechanisms between COVID-19 and non-alcoholic hepatitis

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic and poses a serious threat to human health. Many studies have shown that pre-existing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can worsen the clinical symptoms in patients suffering from COVID-19. However, the potential molecular mechanisms between NASH and COVID-19 remain unclear. To this end, key molecules and pathways between COVID-19 and NASH were herein explored by bioinformatic analysis.Methods: The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NASH and COVID-19 were obtained by differential gene analysis. Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were carried out using the obtained common DEGs. The key modules and hub genes in PPI network were obtained by using the plug-in of Cytoscape software. Subsequently, the hub genes were verified using datasets of NASH (GSE180882) and COVID-19 (GSE150316), and further evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Finally, the verified hub genes were analyzed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and NetworkAnalyst was used for the analysis of transcription factor (TF)-gene interactions, TF-microRNAs (miRNA) coregulatory network, and Protein-chemical Interactions.Results: A total of 120 DEGs between NASH and COVID-19 datasets were obtained, and the PPI network was constructed. Two key modules were obtained via the PPI network, and enrichment analysis of the key modules revealed the common association between NASH and COVID-19. In total, 16 hub genes were obtained by five algorithms, and six of them, namely, Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), early growth response 1 (EGR1), growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 beta (GADD45B), JUNB, FOS, and FOS-like antigen 1 (FOSL1) were confirmed to be closely related to NASH and COVID-19. Finally, the relationship between hub genes and related pathways was analyzed, and the interaction network of six hub genes was constructed with TFs, miRNAs, and compounds.Conclusion: This study identified six hub genes related to COVID-19 and NASH, providing a new perspective for disease diagnosis and drug development

Research on selective uptake of photosensitizer C3N4@RP by different cancer cells

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a clinical treatment, can remove malignant cells upon laser irradiation by selective uptake of photosensitizer (PS). The relative contribution of these antitumor effects depends largely on the dose and uptake of PS. In this study, C _3 N _4 @RP was chosen as a candidate for selective uptake studies of different cancer cells. C _3 N _4 @RP has been proved to possess excellent properties, including absorption edges extending up to 700 nm, efficient cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity, and favorable intracellular fluorescence localization. Considering the optimal therapeutic effect, we first incubated different concentrations of PS with A549 cells and HeLa cells in vitro to observe the uptake efficiency at different times. At a concentration of 20 μ g ml ^−1 , the cellular uptake by A549 and HeLa showed a time-dependent accumulation. The increasing accumulation for cancer cells at the most effective cellular uptake for 24 h follows an order of HeLa > A549. These results suggest that different types of cancer cells have different uptake saturation times for the same PS. All of the presented results support the idea that a properly designed PS is suitable for specific cancer at a specific time to achieve the best therapeutic effect

Analysis of Longitudinal Binomial Data with Positive Association between the Number of Successes and the Number of Failures: An Application to Stock Instability Study

Numerous methods have been developed for longitudinal binomial data in the literature. These traditional methods are reasonable for longitudinal binomial data with a negative association between the number of successes and the number of failures over time; however, a positive association may occur between the number of successes and the number of failures over time in some behaviour, economic, disease aggregation and toxicological studies as the numbers of trials are often random. In this paper, we propose a joint Poisson mixed modelling approach to longitudinal binomial data with a positive association between longitudinal counts of successes and longitudinal counts of failures. This approach can accommodate both a random and zero number of trials. It can also accommodate overdispersion and zero inflation in the number of successes and the number of failures. An optimal estimation method for our model has been developed using the orthodox best linear unbiased predictors. Our approach not only provides robust inference against misspecified random effects distributions, but also consolidates the subject-specific and population-averaged inferences. The usefulness of our approach is illustrated with an analysis of quarterly bivariate count data of stock daily limit-ups and limit-downs