Advances in the treatment of acute severe craniocerebral injury by Chinese and western medicine

Craniocerebral injury is a common disease in neurosurgery caused by trauma.According to the Glasgow coma score, a person who is unconscious for 6 hours or more after injury or is unconscious again is classified as a severe craniocerebral injury.The patients with severe craniocerebral injury are generally in urgent and critical condition, accounting for about 13%~21% of the proportion of cerebral trauma, and the mortality rate is 30% of the mortality rate of hospitalized patients [1]. Without timely and effective treatment, patients often have poor prognosis and even death. Therefore, only by grasping the golden time of rescue can the patient be out of danger [2]. This paper reviews the effective methods of traditional Chinese and western medicine in treating intracranial infection in recent years to provide more reference programs for clinical treatment

Enhancement and tunability of near-field radiative heat transfer mediated by surface plasmon polaritons in thin plasmonic films

The properties of thermal radiation exchange between hot and cold objects can be strongly modified if they interact in the near field where electromagnetic coupling occurs across gaps narrower than the dominant wavelength of thermal radiation. Using a rigorous fluctuational electrodynamics approach, we predict that ultra-thin films of plasmonic materials can be used to dramatically enhance near-field heat transfer. The total spectrally integrated film-to-film heat transfer is over an order of magnitude larger than between the same materials in bulk form and also exceeds the levels achievable with polar dielectrics such as SiC. We attribute this enhancement to the significant spectral broadening of radiative heat transfer due to coupling between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on both sides of each thin film. We show that the radiative heat flux spectrum can be further shaped by the choice of the substrate onto which the thin film is deposited. In particular, substrates supporting surface phonon polaritons (SPhP) strongly modify the heat flux spectrum owing to the interactions between SPPs on thin films and SPhPs of the substrate. The use of thin film phase change materials on polar dielectric substrates allows for dynamic switching of the heat flux spectrum between SPP-mediated and SPhP-mediated peaks.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figure

Forward Kinematics of Object Transport by a Multi-Robot System with Deformable Sheet

We present object handling and transport by a multi-robot team with a deformable sheet as a carrier. Due to the deformability of the sheet and the high dimension of the whole system, it is challenging to clearly describe all the possible positions of the object on the sheet for a given formation of the multi-robot system. A complete forward kinematics (FK) method is proposed in this paper for object handling by an $N$-mobile robot team with a deformable sheet. Based on the virtual variable cables model, a constrained quadratic problem (CQP) is formulated by combining the form closure and minimum potential energy conditions of the system. Analytical solutions to the CQP are presented and then further verified with the force closure condition. With the proposed FK method, all possible solutions are obtained with the given initial sheet shape and the robot team formation. We demonstrate the effectiveness, completeness, and efficiency of the FK method with simulation and experimental results.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, has been submitted to IEEE Robotics and Automation Letter

Aridity-driven decoupling of δ¹³C between pedogenic carbonate and soil organic matter

Pedogenic carbonate is an invaluable archive for reconstructing continental paleoclimate and paleoecology. The δ¹³C of pedogenic carbonate (δ¹³C_c) has been widely used to document the rise and expansion of C₄ plants over the Cenozoic. This application requires a fundamental presumption that in soil pores, soil-respired CO₂ dominates over atmospheric CO₂ during the formation of pedogenic carbonates. However, the decoupling between δ¹³C_c and δ¹³C of soil organic matter (δ¹³C_(SOM)) have been observed, particularly in arid regions, suggesting that this presumption is not always valid. To evaluate the influence of atmospheric CO₂ on soil δ¹³C_c, here we performed systematic δ¹³C analyses of paleosols across the Chinese Loess Plateau, with the sample ages spanning three intervals: the Holocene, the Late Pleistocene, and the mid-Pliocene warm period. Our paired δ¹³C_c and δ¹³C_(SOM) data reveal broadly divergent trending patterns. Using a two-component CO₂-mixing model, we show substantial incorporations of atmospheric CO₂ (up to 60%) into soil pore space during carbonate precipitation. This result readily explains the enrichment of δ¹³C_c and its divergence from δ¹³C_(SOM). As a consequence, δ¹³C of pedogenic carbonates formed under semiarid and/or arid conditions are largely driven by regional aridity through its control on soil CO₂ composition, and thus cannot be used to evaluate the relative abundance of C₃ versus C₄ plants. Nonetheless, these carbonates can be applied for atmospheric CO₂ reconstructions, even for periods with low CO₂ levels

Aridity-driven decoupling of δ¹³C between pedogenic carbonate and soil organic matter

Pedogenic carbonate is an invaluable archive for reconstructing continental paleoclimate and paleoecology. The δ¹³C of pedogenic carbonate (δ¹³C_c) has been widely used to document the rise and expansion of C₄ plants over the Cenozoic. This application requires a fundamental presumption that in soil pores, soil-respired CO₂ dominates over atmospheric CO₂ during the formation of pedogenic carbonates. However, the decoupling between δ¹³C_c and δ¹³C of soil organic matter (δ¹³C_(SOM)) have been observed, particularly in arid regions, suggesting that this presumption is not always valid. To evaluate the influence of atmospheric CO₂ on soil δ¹³C_c, here we performed systematic δ¹³C analyses of paleosols across the Chinese Loess Plateau, with the sample ages spanning three intervals: the Holocene, the Late Pleistocene, and the mid-Pliocene warm period. Our paired δ¹³C_c and δ¹³C_(SOM) data reveal broadly divergent trending patterns. Using a two-component CO₂-mixing model, we show substantial incorporations of atmospheric CO₂ (up to 60%) into soil pore space during carbonate precipitation. This result readily explains the enrichment of δ¹³C_c and its divergence from δ¹³C_(SOM). As a consequence, δ¹³C of pedogenic carbonates formed under semiarid and/or arid conditions are largely driven by regional aridity through its control on soil CO₂ composition, and thus cannot be used to evaluate the relative abundance of C₃ versus C₄ plants. Nonetheless, these carbonates can be applied for atmospheric CO₂ reconstructions, even for periods with low CO₂ levels