Supp Figure 1: Revisiting Ediacaran to early Cambrian depositional history of the western North China: Did it remain passive until mid-Paleozoic?

Appendix Figure 1. Representative photomicrographs (cross-polarized light) for sampled selected for detrital zircon U-Pb analyses. Sample locations are shown in Figure 2. (a) Sample S002 from the Hangqikou Formation at the Huating Section. (b) Sample QLSLQ from the Luoqan Formation at the Qinglongshan Section. (c) Sample YSX-1 from the Luoqan Formation at the Yinshixia Section. (d) Sample QLSHW from the Suyukou Formation at the Qinglongshan Section. (e) Sample YSX-3 from the Suyukou Formation at the Yinshixia Section. (f) Sample SYSX-7 from the Mantou Formation at the Yinshixia Section. Qtz, quartz grain; Kfs, K-feldspar; Lv, Volcanic lithic fragement; Ls, Sedimentary lithic fragment

Supp Table 2: Revisiting Ediacaran to early Cambrian depositional history of the western North China: Did it remain passive until mid-Paleozoic?

Supplementary Table 2. In-situ Lu-Hf isotope data of detrital zircons with U-Pb ages of c. 1600–500 Ma from Ediacaran and Cambrian sandstones from the western North China Block

Supp Table 1: Revisiting Ediacaran to early Cambrian depositional history of the western North China: Did it remain passive until mid-Paleozoic?

Supplementary Table 1. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data for detrital zircons of Statherian and Cambrian sandstones from the western North China Block

Supp Table 1: Revisiting Ediacaran to early Cambrian depositional history of the western North China: Did it remain passive until mid-Paleozoic?

Supplementary Table 1. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data for detrital zircons of Statherian and Cambrian sandstones from the western North China Block

Supp Table 2: Revisiting Ediacaran to early Cambrian depositional history of the western North China: Did it remain passive until mid-Paleozoic?

Supplementary Table 2. In-situ Lu-Hf isotope data of detrital zircons with U-Pb ages of c. 1600–500 Ma from Ediacaran and Cambrian sandstones from the western North China Block

Supp Figure 2: Revisiting Ediacaran to early Cambrian depositional history of the western North China: Did it remain passive until mid-Paleozoic?

Appendix Figure 2. Representative cathodoluminescence images of analyzed zircons from Statherian to Cambrian samples from the western North China Block, with red circles showing analytical spots and yellow and white numbers displaying corresponding U-Pb ages and Th/U ratios, respectively. (a) S002, (b) QLSLQ, (c) YSX-1, (d) QLSHW, (e) YSX-3, (f) SYSX-7

Late Paleozoic Accumulation of Coal-Bearing Successions in the Wuhai Coalfield, Western North China: Back-Arc Basin Response to Southward Subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

The Late Paleozoic is an important epoch of coal-bed accumulation in the North China, particularly in its western segment, where a world-class coal field has been found and exploited for three decades. Coal-bearing layers recorded rapid Late Carboniferous to Early Permian sea-level rise that led to the evolution of the shallow marine tidal flat basin, followed by regression that resulted in the formation of deltaic facies. However, little attention has been paid to the tectonic factors that assisted in the coal accumulation processes, which have been demonstrated worldwide to be pivotal. In this study, we evaluate the significant influence of southward subduction of the middle segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) during Carboniferous to Early Permian deposition of coal-bearing neritic to deltaic successions in the western North China Block (NCB). We pinpoint a direct link between basin-filling evolution of the northwestern Ordos Basin and the progressive uplift of the Inner Mongolia continental arc triggered by the south-dipping subduction of the Solonker ocean plate. Sedimentary facies variation and paleocurrent reconstruction indicate sedimentary routing from the north to northeast. The petrology and detrital zircon geochronology of sampled sandstones indicate evolving provenances from a dominated cratonic basement to a mixed orogen and continental arc. The Carboniferous samples are generally quartz arenites and contain a large number of Archean to Paleoproterozoic zircons with small amounts of Paleozoic arc pluton components, indicating sediment supply dominated by the western NCB Precambrian basement. In contrast, the youngest sample of the Shanxi Formation is sub-litharenite, the age spectrum of which is characterized by the dominance of ca. 450 and 270 Ma ages, indicative of a high influx of Paleozoic arc detritus. This shift in sandstone petrology, detrital zircon distribution, and depositional setting allows us to link the shoaling of the Ordos Basin with mountain building and the unroofing of the continental arc, which enhances our understanding of both the subduction of the PAO and coal accumulation in the NCB