Special zoning strategy in the People\u27s Republic of China : state capacity and policy implementation

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in socio-economic development in developing countries. After WWII, most developing countries have utilized a special zoning strategy (SZS) – Free Trade Zones, Export Processing Zones, etc. – to attract FDI and to propel their economic takeoff. In the development literature, there have been three major competing arguments concerning special zoning and foreign capital\u27s role in socio-economic development: liberal (or Neo-classical), Marxist (or Neo-Marxist), and statist. Liberal and Marxist approaches do not provide satisfactory answers to different causes and results of SZS in different countries. The statist approach tries to ease the tension between the two approaches by focusing on the state\u27s role in socio-economic development, and applies a new dimension of research, i.e., state capacity, to the research. However, there have been few studies specifically focusing on SZS in developing countries. This research adopts the third approach — the statist approach ~ to provide a case study about China\u27s SZS and its state\u27s role in foreign investment and socio-economic development in the perspective of political economy. It describes the effectiveness of FDI policy and SZS implementation, and contends that state capacity is a major determinant for the state to play an important and positive role in social-economic development. The author defines China as a strong state which can use its various capabilities to utilize SZS. Variables used to measure the state control capability include general state capacity and particular state capacity, which consist of six indicators. The findings show that a developing country with a relatively strong state capacity can play a positive role in handling foreign capital inflow by using SZS. The China case provides an alternative route towards development which eases the tension between two opposite theories (Neo-Classic and Marxist theories) in political economy. It also provides a supplement for the Statist approach to development. That is, not only should a state intervene in socio-economic development in developing countries, but a state also needs to possess state capacity to implement the policies and fulfill the development goals. China\u27s success in opening up to the outside world and maintaining its economic development under a relatively stable political condition shows that the state plays an important role in foreign investment and socio-economic development. Furthermore, a relatively strong state capacity provides a base for the state\u27s positive intervention in FDI policy and SZS implementation

A calibration method for non-positive definite covariance matrix in multivariate data analysis

Covariance matrices that fail to be positive definite arise often in covariance estimation. Approaches addressing this problem exist, but are not well supported theoretically. In this paper, we propose a unified statistical and numerical matrix calibration, finding the optimal positive definite surrogate in the sense of Frobenius norm. The proposed algorithm can be directly applied to any estimated covariance matrix. Numerical results show that the calibrated matrix is typically closer to the true covariance, while making only limited changes to the original covariance structure

Small Candidate Set for Translational Pattern Search

In this paper, we study the following pattern search problem: Given a pair of point sets A and B in fixed dimensional space R^d, with |B| = n, |A| = m and n >= m, the pattern search problem is to find the translations T\u27s of A such that each of the identified translations induces a matching between T(A) and a subset B\u27 of B with cost no more than some given threshold, where the cost is defined as the minimum bipartite matching cost of T(A) and B\u27. We present a novel algorithm to produce a small set of candidate translations for the pattern search problem. For any B\u27 subseteq B with |B\u27| = |A|, there exists at least one translation T in the candidate set such that the minimum bipartite matching cost between T(A) and B\u27 is no larger than (1+epsilon) times the minimum bipartite matching cost between A and B\u27 under any translation (i.e., the optimal translational matching cost). We also show that there exists an alternative solution to this problem, which constructs a candidate set of size O(n log^2 n) in O(n log^2 n) time with high probability of success. As a by-product of our construction, we obtain a weak epsilon-net for hypercube ranges, which significantly improves the construction time and the size of the candidate set. Our technique can be applied to a number of applications, including the translational pattern matching problem

Odd-parity intra-unit-cell bond-order and induced nematicity in kagome metal CsTi3Bi5 driven by quantum interference mechanism

Kagome metals present a fascinating platform of novel quantum phases thanks to the interplay between the geometric frustration and strong electron correlation. Here, we propose the emergence of the odd-parity bond-order state that is closely tied to the intra-unit-cell odd-parity configuration (or electric toroidal order) in recently discovered kagome metal CsTi3Bi5. The predicted E1u bond-order is induced by the beyond-mean-field mechanism, that is, the quantum interference among different sublattice spin fluctuations. Importantly, the accompanied nematic deformation of the Fermi surface is very small, while the intensity of the quasiparticle interference signal exhibits large nematic anisotropy, consistently with the scanning tunneling microscope measurements in CsTi3Bi5. The present odd-parity order triggers interesting emergent phenomena, such as the Edelstein effect and reciprocal transport with finite spin-orbit interaction.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

Study on the Contribution of CO2 Emission Reducing of Yellow River Upstream LONGyangxia and LIUjiaxia Cascade Reservoirs

AbstractIn order to analyze the contribution of energy saving and emission reducing of Yellow River upstream LONGyangxia and LIUjiaxia cascade reservoirs, the compensation regulation simulation model of the Yellow River mainstream cascade reservoirs is adopted to study the dynamic characteristics of emission reducing contribution of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs in three level years of 2005, 2015 and 2020. The result indicates that the emission reducing contribution of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs are 15.8077 million ton, 16.1808 million ton, and 13.3092 million ton in 2005, 2015, and 2020 level years. The change laws of the Long-Liu compensation system emission reducing contribution is the same as the one of Longyangxia reservoir emission reducing contribution, which descends after ascending. The change laws of the Liujiaxia reservoir emission reducing ontribution is descending along with time

Ultracompact Adiabatic Bi-sectional Tapered Coupler for the Si/III-V Heterogeneous Integration

An ultracompact bi-sectional adiabatic tapered coupler, which is suitable for an adiabatic mode transformation between a common single mode SOI wire waveguide and a Si/III-V hybrid waveguide, are proposed for Si/III-V heterogeneous integration. Since the bi-sectional tapered coupler mimics a semi-3D taper and avoids exciting the unwanted high-order modes in the thick p-InP cladding layer (which is removed in the first tapered section), the length of the adiabatic mode coupler can be dramatically shortened. Taking into account the mask design and the fabrication tolerance, we design the tapered structure only in the III/V structure, while keeping the SOI wire waveguide straight. In the proposed structure, the length of the bi-sectional tapered coupler can be 9.5 {\mu}m with a large fundamental mode-coupling ratio (over 95%) in a bandwidth of ~100 nm, and provides 100 nm tolerance to misalignment, even when the BCB layer is as thick as 50 nm.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Improved Algorithms for Clustering with Outliers

Clustering is a fundamental problem in unsupervised learning. In many real-world applications, the to-be-clustered data often contains various types of noises and thus needs to be removed from the learning process. To address this issue, we consider in this paper two variants of such clustering problems, called k-median with m outliers and k-means with m outliers. Existing techniques for both problems either incur relatively large approximation ratios or can only efficiently deal with a small number of outliers. In this paper, we present improved solution to each of them for the case where k is a fixed number and m could be quite large. Particularly, we gave the first PTAS for the k-median problem with outliers in Euclidean space R^d for possibly high m and d. Our algorithm runs in O(nd((1/epsilon)(k+m))^(k/epsilon)^O(1)) time, which considerably improves the previous result (with running time O(nd(m+k)^O(m+k) + (1/epsilon)k log n)^O(1))) given by [Feldman and Schulman, SODA 2012]. For the k-means with outliers problem, we introduce a (6+epsilon)-approximation algorithm for general metric space with running time O(n(beta (1/epsilon)(k+m))^k) for some constant beta>1. Our algorithm first uses the k-means++ technique to sample O((1/epsilon)(k+m)) points from input and then select the k centers from them. Compared to the more involving existing techniques, our algorithms are much simpler, i.e., using only random sampling, and achieving better performance ratios

Performance Enhancement of Multipath TCP for Wireless Communications with Multiple Radio Interfaces

ArticleMultipath TCP (MPTCP) allows a TCP connection to operate across multiple paths simultaneously and becomes highly attractive to support the emerging mobile devices with various radio interfaces and to improve resource utilization as well as connection robustness. The existing multipath congestion control algorithms, however, are mainly loss-based and prefer the paths with lower drop rates, leading to severe performance degradation in wireless communication systems where random packet losses occur frequently. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a new mVeno algorithm, which makes full use of the congestion information of all the subflows belonging to a TCP connection in order to adaptively adjust the transmission rate of each subflow. Specifically, mVeno modifies the additive increase phase of Veno so as to effectively couple all subflows by dynamically varying the congestion window increment based on the receiving ACKs. The weighted parameter of each subflow for tuning the congestio