Language Models Meet World Models: Embodied Experiences Enhance Language Models

While large language models (LMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across numerous tasks, they often struggle with simple reasoning and planning in physical environments, such as understanding object permanence or planning household activities. The limitation arises from the fact that LMs are trained only on written text and miss essential embodied knowledge and skills. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm of enhancing LMs by finetuning them with world models, to gain diverse embodied knowledge while retaining their general language capabilities. Our approach deploys an embodied agent in a world model, particularly a simulator of the physical world (VirtualHome), and acquires a diverse set of embodied experiences through both goal-oriented planning and random exploration. These experiences are then used to finetune LMs to teach diverse abilities of reasoning and acting in the physical world, e.g., planning and completing goals, object permanence and tracking, etc. Moreover, it is desirable to preserve the generality of LMs during finetuning, which facilitates generalizing the embodied knowledge across tasks rather than being tied to specific simulations. We thus further introduce the classical (EWC) for selective weight updates, combined with low-rank adapters (LoRA) for training efficiency. Extensive experiments show our approach substantially improves base LMs on 18 downstream tasks by 64.28% on average. In particular, the small LMs (1.3B, 6B, and 13B) enhanced by our approach match or even outperform much larger LMs (e.g., ChatGPT)

Case report: Giant cystic ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with an atypical intratumoral abscess

BackgroundGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are typically solid, sometimes with small cystic areas, but rarely manifest as predominantly cystic neoplasms. In addition, cystic intestinal GISTs with intratumoral abscess formation are rare.Case presentationWe present the case of a 49-year-old male patient with a history of frequent and urgent urination for 2 weeks. Radiologic studies revealed a large cystic mass in the lower abdomen. The patient underwent abdominal laparotomy, which revealed a large cystic mass arising from the distal ileum invading the sigmoid mesocolon and apex vesicae. Partial resection of the ileum along with the tumor and the adjacent bladder was performed. Macroscopic examination revealed that the cystic mass contained a large amount of foul-smelling pus and a tumor-bowel fistula. The final pathology revealed an abdominal stromal tumor. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and adjuvant imatinib mesylate 400 mg was administered daily. No tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed during the 9-month follow-up period.ConclusionFingings of a cystic tumor in the abdomen should raise concern for cystic GISTs. This case report reviews a rare presentation of an ileal giant cystic GIST with atypical intratumoral abscess formation. Complete surgical resection and adjuvant imatinib is still the mainstay treatment for GISTs

Highly efficient blue OLED

Based on our work on deep blue OLED, very recently, we have synthesized a deep blue emitter TPEA. The anthracene groups are twisted from the central TPE moiety, which effectively prevents bathochromic shift of emission as shown in its crystallographic structure. In addition, a D-A structure was built by using methoxy and cyano to improve the charge balance in the devices. In addition, the material possesses high thermal stability with a Tg of 155 °C. The non-doped device achieved the high performance with a Von of 2.6 V at a luminance of 1 cd rrr2, a 77PE, max Of 11.1 lm W~1, a TJCE, max of 9.9 cd A '1, and a low 77ce roll-off. The doped device based on TPEA was fabricated to acquire deep blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.09), showing a tje x t, max up to 8.0% and the highest t j p e, max of 7.3 lm W"1 among all the TTF and HLCT deep-blue emitters. Inspired by these preliminary results, we believe that the combination of the merits of TTF-HLCT and AIE would be a promising molecular design principle for exploring highly efficient deep blue emitters

Outer-inner Dual Reinforced Micro/Nano Hierarchical Scaffolds for Promoting Osteogenesis

Biomimetic scaffolds have been extensively studied for guiding osteogenesis through structural cues. Inspired by the natural bone growth process, we have employed a hierarchical outer-inner dual reinforcing strategy, which relies on the interfacial ionic bond interaction between amine/calcium and carboxyl group, to build a nanofiber/particle dual strengthened hierarchical silk fibroin scaffold. The scaffold can provide applicable form of osteogenic structural cue and mimic the natural bone forming process. Owing to the active interaction between compositions located in the outer pore space and the inner pore wall, the scaffold has over 4 times improvement on mechanical property, followed by significant alteration on cell-scaffold interaction pattern, demonstrated by over 2 times’ elevation on the spreading area and enhanced osteogenic activity potentially involving activities of integrin, Vinculin and Yes-associated protein (YAP). In vivo performance of the scaffold identified the inherent osteogenic effect of structural cue, which promotes rapid and uniform regeneration. Overall, the hierarchical scaffold is promising in promoting uniform bone regeneration through its specific structural cue endowed by its micro-nano construction.Peer reviewe