selected breeding population

selected breeding populatio

Table1.DOCX

<p>Drought is the most important factor limiting rice yield in most rainfed areas of Asia and Africa. Four large BC₂F₂ populations consisted of 3,200 individuals, which were derived from crosses between an elite Geng variety, Jigeng88, and four donors from three different countries, were screened and progeny tested under severe drought stress, resulting in the development of 72 introgression lines (ILs) with significantly improved yield compared to the recurrent parent Jigeng88. These DT ILs plus four random populations (without drought selection population) from the same crosses were evaluated in replicated trials under both drought stress and non-stress conditions in two environments, and characterized with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to understand how directional selection was operating on the genetic variation of DT of rice. Thirteen DT QTLs of large effect were identified based on the significant allelic and genotypic frequency shits in the DT ILs by using the joint segregation distortion method. The 13 QTLs were validated by the genotypic differences at individual QTL in the random populations. Putative genetic networks consisting of 30 loci in 29 functional genetic units underlying DT were detected by X² tests and non-random associations between or among DT loci in DT ILs from the four populations. Most large-effect DT QTLs were previously reported and located in the upstream of the genetic networks as putative regulators, and were either mapped to important regulatory genes for DT or drought responsiveness reported previously. In our study, five promising ILs with significantly improved yield were selected under both drought and normal irrigated conditions. The QTLs and their genetic networks underlying DT detected provided useful genetic information for further improving DT and yield using designed QTL pyramiding.</p

Reaction of [Ga2(tBu)4(neol-H)]2 with early transition metal chlorides and amides

Figure S4. Full-length cDNA sequence of TCD10 and mutation sites; The nucleotides with the blue (A), red (G) and green (CCATGGCCGGGTCGGGG) letters represent the deleted nucleotides in tcd10, T1-1 and T1-2 transgenic lines using CRISPR/Cas9 system technique; The sequences in the box represents the recognition sequences in CRIPPER/Cas9 experiments. (DOCX 21 kb

Phenotypic variance within clusters of inbred and hybrid groups.

<p>Phenotypic variance within clusters of inbred and hybrid groups.</p

Correlation relationships of AAC and RVA parameters in inbred and hybrid groups.

<p>The values were correlation coefficients (r) multiplied by 100. The areas and colors of ellipses showed the absolute value of corresponding r. Right and left oblique ellipses indicated positive and negative correlations, respectively. The values without glyphs indicated insignificant at 0.05.</p

Box plot of 10 rice grain appearance and milling quality traits in four environments.

<p>HZ: Hangzhou. JZ: Jingzhou. SY: Sanya. SZ: Shenzhen. GL: Grain Length. GW: Grain Width. GLWR: Grain Length and Width Ratio. GT: Grain Thickness. TGW: Thousand Grain Weight. BRR: Brown Rice Rate. MRR: Milled Rice Rate. HMRR: Head Milled Rice Rate. PGWC: Percentage of Grains With Chalkiness. DEC: Degree of Endosperm chalkiness.</p

Correlations between 10 gain quality traits measured in HZ, JZ, SY and SZ.

<p>The values given were correlation coefficients multiplied by 100. The values without glyphs indicated insignificant at the level of 0.05.</p

Additional file 6: of QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis of peduncle vascular bundle related traits in rice by genome-wide association study

Figure S4. Comparison of LVA and LVPA between A and G alleles located in the third exon of Os04g0615000 (NAL1) gene. The letters on histogram (a, and b) indicate multiple comparisons result at the significant level 0.05. The value on the histogram is the number of individuals of each allele. (PPT 217 kb

Quantile-quantile plots of cold tolerance tested in four environments.

<p>Yellow, green, blue and red are for XD2013, YX2013, XD2014 and SM2014, respectively.</p