Open X-Embodiment:Robotic learning datasets and RT-X models

Large, high-capacity models trained on diverse datasets have shown remarkable successes on efficiently tackling downstream applications. In domains from NLP to Computer Vision, this has led to a consolidation of pretrained models, with general pretrained backbones serving as a starting point for many applications. Can such a consolidation happen in robotics? Conventionally, robotic learning methods train a separate model for every application, every robot, and even every environment. Can we instead train "generalist" X-robot policy that can be adapted efficiently to new robots, tasks, and environments? In this paper, we provide datasets in standardized data formats and models to make it possible to explore this possibility in the context of robotic manipulation, alongside experimental results that provide an example of effective X-robot policies. We assemble a dataset from 22 different robots collected through a collaboration between 21 institutions, demonstrating 527 skills (160266 tasks). We show that a high-capacity model trained on this data, which we call RT-X, exhibits positive transfer and improves the capabilities of multiple robots by leveraging experience from other platforms. The project website is robotics-transformer-x.github.io

Progress, limitations and prospects of police interpreting professionalization in China

AbstractPolice interpreting has received minimum scholastic attention in China. This study systematically researched the accreditation, training and employment of interpreters in police interviews in China. The current translator and interpreter accreditation tests in China adopt a generic approach that has generally failed to meet the public service interpreting needs. Uncertified bilingual officers or freelance interpreters without prior legal interpreting training are usually employed to assist with police interviews. The recent development of Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) programs, Master of Legal Translation and Interpreting (MLTI) programs and Foreign-related Policing programs have made little difference in easing the shortage of certified police interview interpreters. It is suggested to reform the current accreditation tests: to include a police interpreter accreditation sub-division. Bilingual officers should not be excluded from assisting police interviews. They should be assessed for their linguistic skills and interpreting skills and be certified either as interpreters or as bilinguals. Closer collaboration among police forces, law schools and foreign studies colleges would help develop more pragmatic training materials and better train trainers on police interview interpreting. Meanwhile, a national register system of police interpreters with different levels of credentials should be established to ensure the proper administration of justice. China’s development patterns in the police interpreting accreditation, training and register systems might be of significant reference value to some other countries

Cord Blood Levels of Angiopoietin-Like 7 (ANGPTL7) in Preterm Infants

Objective. ANGPTL7 is a member of the angiogenin-like protein family. Compared to other members, ANGPTL7 is the least known. Recent studies have explored the relationship between ANGPTL7 and multiple pathological processes and diseases. However, there is no research about ANGPTL7 in neonates. This study was designed to investigate the concentration of ANGPTL7 in cord blood of preterm infants. Method. Singleton infants born in November 2017 to June 2019 in the study hospital were enrolled in the study. Maternal and neonatal clinical data were collected. ANGPTL7 levels in cord blood and serum on the third day after birth were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Result. A total of 182 infants were enrolled in this study. Patients were categorized into two groups by gestational age (102 preterm, 80 full-term). ANGPTL7 levels in preterm infants were significantly higher than that in full-term babies (t=15.4, P<0.001). In multiple line regression analysis, ANGPTL7 levels independently correlated with gestational age (β=−0.556, P<0.001). There is also no correlation between preterm outcomes and ANGPTL7 levels. Cord blood levels of ANGPTL7 were significantly higher than those in serum on the third day after birth (t=13.88, P<0.001). Conclusion. Cord blood ANGPTL7 levels are higher in preterm infants than full-term babies. The levels are independently influenced by gestational ages and attenuated significantly after birth. The underlying mechanism needs to be further studied