52,449 research outputs found
Critical behaviours of contact near phase transitions
A central quantity of importance for ultracold atoms is contact, which
measures two-body correlations at short distances in dilute systems. It appears
in universal relations among thermodynamic quantities, such as large momentum
tails, energy, and dynamic structure factors, through the renowned Tan
relations. However, a conceptual question remains open as to whether or not
contact can signify phase transitions that are insensitive to short-range
physics. Here we show that, near a continuous classical or quantum phase
transition, contact exhibits a variety of critical behaviors, including scaling
laws and critical exponents that are uniquely determined by the universality
class of the phase transition and a constant contact per particle. We also use
a prototypical exactly solvable model to demonstrate these critical behaviors
in one-dimensional strongly interacting fermions. Our work establishes an
intrinsic connection between the universality of dilute many-body systems and
universal critical phenomena near a phase transition.Comment: Final version published in Nat. Commun. 5:5140 doi:
10.1038/ncomms6140 (2014
Grain refinement of DC cast magnesium alloys with intensive melt shearing
A new direct chill (DC) casting process, melt conditioned DC (MC-DC) process, has been developed for the production of high quality billets/slabs of light alloys by application of intensive melt shearing through a rotor-stator high shear device during the DC casting process. The rotor-stator high shear device provides intensive melt shearing to disperse the naturally occurring oxide films, and other inclusions, while creating a microscopic flow pattern to homogenize the temperature and composition fields in the sump. In this paper, we report the grain refining effect of intensive melt shearing in the MC-DC casting processing. Experimental results on DC casting of Mg-alloys with and without intensive melt shearing have demonstrated that the MC-DC casting process can produce magnesium alloy billets with significantly refined microstructure. Such grain refinement in the MC-DC casting process can be attributed to enhanced heterogeneous nucleation by dispersed naturally occurring oxide particles, increased nuclei survival rate in uniform temperature and compositional fields in the sump, and potential contribution from dendrite arm fragmentation
Superfluid-Mott-Insulator Transition in a One-Dimensional Optical Lattice with Double-Well Potentials
We study the superfluid-Mott-insulator transition of ultracold bosonic atoms
in a one-dimensional optical lattice with a double-well confining trap using
the density-matrix renormalization group. At low density, the system behaves
similarly as two separated ones inside harmonic traps. At high density,
however, interesting features appear as the consequence of the quantum
tunneling between the two wells and the competition between the "superfluid"
and Mott regions. They are characterized by a rich step-plateau structure in
the visibility and the satellite peaks in the momentum distribution function as
a function of the on-site repulsion. These novel properties shed light on the
understanding of the phase coherence between two coupled condensates and the
off-diagonal correlations between the two wells.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure
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Are Investors Warned by Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest? The Moderating Effect of Investment Horizon
Financial analysts are required to disclose conflicts of interest (COI) in their research reports, but there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of COI disclosures. We investigate whether the influence of disclosing COI in analyst reports on investors' decision making depends on investment horizon. Experimental results show that short-term investors who view a COI disclosure are significantly less willing to invest in the recommended stock compared to short-term investors who do not view such a disclosure, while the presence of a COI disclosure does not significantly affect long-term investors’ willingness to invest. Results further demonstrate that the COI disclosure decreases short-term investors’ willingness to invest by reducing their perception of analysts’ trustworthiness and expertness. This study provides evidence on when and how the COI disclosure can influence investors’ behavior and enhances our understanding of investors’ reactions to cautionary disclaimers
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