Variations in oceanic plate bending along the Mariana trench

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters 401 (2014): 206-214, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.032.We quantify along-trench variations in plate flexural bending along the Mariana trench in the western Pacific Ocean. A 3-D interpreted flexural deformation surface of the subducting Pacific Plate was obtained by removing from the observed bathymetry the effects of sediment loading, isostatically-compensated topography based on gravity modeling, age-related lithospheric thermal subsidence, and residual short-wavelength features. We analyzed flexural bending of 75 across-trench profile sections and calculated five best-fitting tectonic and plate parameters that control the flexural bending. Results of analysis revealed significant along-trench variations: the trench relief varies from 0.9 to 5.7 km, trench-axis vertical loading (-V0) from -0.73 × 1012 to 3.17 × 1012 N/m, and axial bending moment (-M0) from 0.1 × 1017 to 2.7× 1017 N. The effective elastic plate thickness seaward of the outer-rise region (Te M) ranges from 45 to 52 km, while that trench-ward of the outer-rise (Te m) ranges from 19 to 40 km. This corresponds to a reduction in Te of 21-61%. The transition from Te M to Te m occurs at a breaking distance of 60-125 km from the trench axis, which is near the outer-rise and corresponds to the onset of observed pervasive normal faults. The Challenger Deep area is associated with the greatest trench relief and axial vertical loading, while areas with seamounts at the trench axis are often associated with more subtle trench relief, smaller axial vertical loading, and greater topographic bulge at the outer-rise.This work was supported by US NSF Grant OCE-1141985 and Deerbrook Foundation (J.L.), NSF-China Grant 41376063 and Joint NSF China/Guangdong Natural Science Fund Committee U0933006 (W.Z.), and the Chinese Scholarship Council (F.Z.)

The ground state of a mixture of two species of fermionic atoms in 1D optical lattice

In this paper, we investigate the ground state properties of a mixture of two species of fermionic atoms in one-dimensional optical lattice, as described by the asymmetric Hubbard model. The quantum phase transition from density wave to phase separation is investigated by studying both the corresponding charge order parameter and quantum entanglement. A rigorous proof that even for the single hole doping case, the density wave is unstable to the phase separation in the infinite U limit, is given. Therefore, our results are quite instructive for both on-going experiments on strongly correlated cold-atomic systems and traditional heavy fermion systems.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, extended versio

Low-Level Saturated Fatty Acid Palmitate Benefits Liver Cells by Boosting Mitochondrial Metabolism via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 Cascade.

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (the "bad" fat), especially palmitate (PA), in the human diet are blamed for potential health risks such as obesity and cancer because of SFA-induced lipotoxicity. However, epidemiological results demonstrate a latent benefit of SFAs, and it remains elusive whether a certain low level of SFAs is physiologically essential for maintaining cell metabolic hemostasis. Here, we demonstrate that although high-level PA (HPA) indeed induces lipotoxic effects in liver cells, low-level PA (LPA) increases mitochondrial functions and alleviates the injuries induced by HPA or hepatoxic agent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). LPA treatment in mice enhanced liver mitochondrial activity and reduced CCl4 hepatotoxicity with improved blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and mitochondrial aspartate transaminase (m-AST). LPA-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by CDK1-mediated SIRT3 phosphorylation, which in turn deacetylates and dimerizes CPT2 to enhance fatty acid oxidation. Thus, an advantageous effect is suggested by the consumption of LPA that augments mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 cascade

Mechanism of progressive broad deformation from oceanic transform valley to off-transform faulting and rifting

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zhang, F., Lin, J., Zhou, Z., Yang, H., & Morgan, J. P. Mechanism of progressive broad deformation from oceanic transform valley to off-transform faulting and rifting. Innovation, 3(1), (2022): 100193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100193.Oceanic transform faults (TFs) are commonly viewed as single, narrow strike-slip seismic faults that offset two mid-ocean ridge segments. However, broad zones of complex deformation are ubiquitous at TFs. Here, we propose a new conceptual model for the progressive deformation within broad zones at oceanic TFs through detailed morphological, seismic, and stress analyses. We argue that, under across-transform extension due to a change in plate motion, plate deformation occurs first along high-angle transtensional faults (TTFs) within the transform valleys. Off-transform normal faults (ONFs) form when across-transform deviatoric extensional stresses exceed the yield strength of the adjacent oceanic lithosphere. With further extension, these normal faults can develop into off-transform rift zones (ORZs), some of which can further develop into transform plate boundaries. We illustrate that such progressive complex deformation is an inherent feature of oceanic TFs. The new conceptual model provides a unifying theory to explain the observed broad deformation at global transform systems.We benefited from discussions with Drs. Tao Zhang, Huihui Weng, Yen Joe Tan, the SCSIO Deep Ocean Geodynamics Group, the CUHK Seismology Group, and the participants of the InterRidge transform fault workshop in France, 2018. This work was supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0205), NSFC grants (41976064, 41890813, 41976066, 91628301, and 91858207), CAS grants (Y4SL021001, QYZDY-SSW-DQC005, 133244KYSB20180029, 131551KYSB20200021, and ISEE2021PY03), National Key R&D Program of China grants (2018YFC0309800 and 2018YFC0310105), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021A1515012227), and Hong Kong Research Grant Council grants (14304820 and 14306119)

Transcriptome Analysis of the Cultured Hybrid Grouper (♀*Epinephelus fuscoguttatus*×♂*E. lanceolatus*) Immunized with <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> formalin-killed cells vaccine (FKC) combined with chitosan oligosaccharide

Grouper has become an essential mariculture species in China, while vibriosis caused by Vibrio harveyi significantly impacts its culture. Our previous study confirmed the *V. harveyi* formalin-killed cells vaccine (FKC) combined with chitosan oligosaccharide (FKC+COS) effectively prevents vibriosis. As an adjuvant, COS could significantly enhance FKC effectiveness against *V. harveyi* in grouper. In the present study, we performed transcriptome analysis of grouper spleens tissue 14 days post-immunization of PBS and FKC+COS, respectively. After assembly and annotation, 2,503 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, including the upregulated 1,894 DEGs and downregulated 609 DEGs between the PBS group and FKC+COS group. To explore the relevance of DEGs in immunity, enrichment analysis in the KEGG database revealed that the main pathways of DEGs distribution associated with immunity were antigen processing and presentation, lysosome, the intestinal immune network for IgA production and FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. In conclusion, transcriptome analysis of spleens was performed to explore the potential mechanism of COS as an adjuvant enhancing the protection effectiveness of FKC against vibriosis in grouper

Poly[(acetato-κ2 O,O′)aqua­(μ4-1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl­ato-κ5 N 3:O 5,O 5′:O 5,O 6:O 6′)praseodymium(III)]

In the title complex, [Pr(C9H4N2O4)(C2H3O2)(H2O)]n, the PrIII ion is coordinated by five O atoms and one N atom from four benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl­ate ligands, two O atoms from an acetate ligand and one water mol­ecule, giving a tricapped trigonal-prismatic geometry. The benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl­ate and acetate ligands connect the PrIII ions, forming a layer in the ac plane; the layers are further linked by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking inter­actions between neighboring pyridine rings [the centroid–centroid distance is 3.467 (1) Å], assembling a three-dimensional supra­molecular network. The acetate methyl group is disordered over two positions with site-occupancy factors of 0.75 and 0.25