Training Effectiveness at PT XYZ Using Kirkpatrick Model and Return on Investment of Training (ROI-Training)

The goal of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Kirkpatrick model and Return on Investment of Training at PT XYZ. Observation was applied to this research. The result has shown several facts such as trainee\u27s feedback score was 4,62 above 4,10 as required by the company in terms of reaction, the average final exam score was 3,66 above 3,00 as required by the company in terms of learning, the trainees\u27 superiors\u27 feedback score was 3,53 above 3,00 as required by the company and Return on Investment of Training (ROI-Training) was 58,88% above 15% as required by the company. With these results, the company can conclude that the program is effective in nurturing its supervisory leaders

Genetic variations at 8q24 and gastric cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Published data on the association between genetic variants on the 8q24 chromosome and gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility are inconclusive. Here we present a meta-analysis designed to evaluate the relationship between 8q24 variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) labeled rs6983267 and rs1447295) and risk of developing GC.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A literature search was performed using studies published on PubMed, Science Direct, OVID and Web of Science databases up to December 2016. Studies were selected based on our enrollment criteria, relevant data was extracted from each study and the odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and used to assess the strength of associations found between 8q24 polymorphisms and GC risk. Conclusions about acceptable strong associations were made after taking into account sample heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of seven studies containing ten case-control studies were selected. Among these studies were six studies of 1,421 GC patients and 3,393 controls examining the role of the rs6983267 SNP and four studies including 779 cases and 1,266 controls examining rs1447295 SNP. The pooled results of these studies indicated that there was no significant association between both genetic variants and GC susceptibility using an allele, dominant, recessive and homozygote genetic models. When using a heterozygote genetic model, a significant increase was found in the association of GC risk for rs6983267 SNP (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12, <i>P</i> = 0.015), whereas for rs1447295 SNP a significant decreased risk was detected (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69–0.98, <i>P</i> = 0.030). In subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and genotyping methods, similar non-significant results were observed for the rs1447295 variant using the four genetic models (allele, dominant, recessive or homozygote models) and for the rs6983267 variant using only the allele, recessive and homozygote models. However, after a multiple testing correction to our calculations, these associations remained non-significant.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Meta-analysis of gastrointestinal cancer genetic analysis studies did not confirm an association between 8q24 chromosome polymorphisms (specifically rs6983267 and rs1447295) and susceptibility to GC in the general populations.</p></div

Publication bias test.

<p>Publication bias test.</p

Meta-analysis of rs6983267 and gastric cancer.

<p>Meta-analysis of rs6983267 and gastric cancer.</p

Forrest plots for the relationship between variants at 8q24 and gastric cancer under allele, dominant, recessive homozygote or heterozygote models.

<p>A. For rs6983267; B. For rs1447295. The solid squares represent odds ratios (OR) from individual studies; the diamonds are shown as overall effect.</p

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.

<p>Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.</p

Genotype distribution among studies included in the meta-analysis.

<p>Genotype distribution among studies included in the meta-analysis.</p

Meta-analysis of rs6983267 and gastric cancer.

<p>Meta-analysis of rs6983267 and gastric cancer.</p

Meta-analysis of rs1447295 and gastric cancer.

<p>Meta-analysis of rs1447295 and gastric cancer.</p

Flow diagram of the selection of eligible studies.

<p>Flow diagram of the selection of eligible studies.</p