252 research outputs found
The Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil
Fossil fuel crisis and depletion, environmental pollution and ever-increase in vehicle and transportation means have renewed the scientist\u27s interest in the world in order to look for potential alternative fuels, which are attractive such as biodiesel, bioethanol, DME and vegetable oils. Inedible vegetable oils such as coconut oil, Jatropha oil, linseed oil or animal fat are full of potential for using directly or manufacturing biodiesel. This work is carried out in order to study the four stroke diesel engine D240 performance characteristics fueled with preheated pure coconut oil (PCO), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and compare with diesel oil (DO). The test diesel engine performance such as power (Ne), torque (Me), specific fuel consumption (ge) and thermal efficiency (ηe) is determined, calculated and evaluated while using JOME, preheated PCO and compared to DO. The results show that, power (Ne), torque (Me) and thermal efficiency (ηe) while engine is fueled with JOME and PCO are lower, otherwise specific fuel consumption (ge) is higher than those of diesel fuel, the test engine performance are gained the best for JOME and PCO100. Keywords: biofuel, biodiesel, preheated vegetable oils, engine performance, efficiency, specific fuel consumption.Article History: Received Dec 9, 2016; Received in revised form January 28, 2017; Accepted February 4, 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Hoang, T.A and Le,V. V. (2017). The Performance of A Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1), 1-7.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.1-
Forest plot of MTT on LBP, TNF-α, IL-6 and NO.
Forest plot of MTT on LBP, TNF-α, IL-6 and NO.</p
Forest plot of MTT on HVPG reduction in cirrhosis patients.
Forest plot of MTT on HVPG reduction in cirrhosis patients.</p
Forest plot according to duration of MTT on HVPG reduction in cirrhosis patients.
Forest plot according to duration of MTT on HVPG reduction in cirrhosis patients.</p
Chemical Synthesis of the Repeating Unit of Type V Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Capsular Polysaccharide
The first chemical
synthesis of the heptasaccharide repeating unit
of type V group B <i>Streptococcus</i> capsular polysaccharide
(CPS) by a preactivation-based one-pot [2 + 1 + 4] glycosylation strategy
is described. The synthetic efficiency was further improved by using
diol glycosyl acceptors for regio-/stereoselective glycosylation reactions.
The synthetic target contains a free amino group at the reducing end,
facilitating additional regioselective elaboration. The results should
be useful for synthetic and biological studies of related CPSs
Effects of Flanking Loops on Membrane Insertion of Transmembrane Helices: A Role for Peptide Conformational Equilibrium
The
ability of a transmembrane helix (TMH) to insert into a lipid
bilayer has been mainly understood based on the total hydrophobicity
of the peptide sequence. Recently, Hedin et al. investigated the influence
of flanking loops on membrane insertion of a set of marginally hydrophobic
TMHs using translocon-based membrane integration assays. While the
flanking loops were found to facilitate the insertion in most cases,
counter examples also emerged where the flanking loops hinder membrane
insertion and contradict the hydrophobicity and charge distribution
analyses. Here, coarse-grained free energy calculations and atomistic
simulations were performed to investigate the energetics and conformational
details of the membrane insertion of two representative marginally
hydrophobic TMHs with (NhaL and EmrL) and without (NhaA and EmrD)
the flanking loops. The simulations fail to directly recapitulate
the contrasting effects of the flanking loops for these two TMHs,
due to systematic overprediction of the stabilities of the transmembrane
states that has also been consistently observed in previous studies.
Nonetheless, detailed force decomposition and peptide conformation
analyses suggest a novel mechanism on how the peptide conformational
equilibrium in the aqueous phase may modulate the effects of flanking
loops on membrane insertion. Specifically, the flanking loops in peptide
EmrL interact strongly with the TMH segment and form stable compact
conformations in the aqueous phase, which can hinder membrane absorption
and insertion as these processes require extended conformations with
minimal interactions between the flanking loops and TMH segment. This
work also emphasizes the general importance of considering the peptide
conformational equilibrium for understanding the mechanism and energetics
of membrane insertion, an aspect that has not yet been sufficiently
addressed in the literature
Synthesis of a Tristearoyl Lipomannan via Preactivation-Based Iterative One-Pot Glycosylation
A convergent and efficient strategy
was developed for the synthesis
of lipomannan (LM), useful for vaccine development. Thioglycosides
were employed as glycosyl donors to construct two key pseudotrisaccharide
and tetramannose intermediates through preactivation-based glycosylation
strategy. These building blocks were then successfully coupled to
form the LM core, which was lapidated, phospholipidated, and finally
globally deprotected to afford the target molecule. The intermediate
LM core involved in this synthesis contained orthogonal protections,
which would facilitate its variable modifications for the preparation
of other complex LM derivatives and for the synthesis of LM conjugates
as LM-based vaccines
Media 1: Polarization multiplexed fluorescence enhancer using a pixelated one-dimensional photonic band gap structure
Originally published in Optics Letters on 01 July 2012 (ol-37-13-2640
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