A Comparison of Molecular Biology Mechanism of Shewanella putrefaciens between Fresh and Terrestrial Sewage Wastewater

Municipal and industrial wastewater is often discharged into the environment without appropriate treatment, especially in developing countries. As a result, many rivers and oceans are contaminated. It is urgent to control and administer treatments to these contaminated rivers and oceans. However, most mechanisms of bacterial colonization in contaminated rivers and oceans were unknown, especially in sewage outlets. We found Shewanella putrefaciens to be the primary bacteria in the terrestrial sewage wastewater outlets around Ningbo City, China. Therefore, in this study, we applied a combination of differential proteomics, metabolomics, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques to identify bacteria intracellular metabolites. We found S. putrefaciens had 12 different proteins differentially expressed in freshwater culture than when grown in wastewater, referring to the formation of biological membranes (Omp35, OmpW), energy metabolism (SOD, deoxyribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase), fatty acid metabolism (beta-ketoacyl synthase), secondary metabolism, TCA cycle, lysine degradation (2-oxoglutarate reductase), and propionic acid metabolism (succinyl coenzyme A synthetase). The sequences of these 12 differentially expressed proteins were aligned with sequences downloaded from NCBI. There are also 27 differentially concentrated metabolites detected by NMR, including alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol), amines (dimethylamine, ethanolamine), amino acids (alanine, leucine), amine compounds (bilinerurine), nucleic acid compounds (nucleosides, inosines), organic acids (formate, acetate). Formate and ethanolamine show significant difference between the two environments and are possibly involved in energy metabolism, glycerophospholipid and ether lipids metabolism to provide energy supply and material basis for engraftment in sewage. Because understanding S. putrefaciens’s biological mechanism of colonization (protein, gene express and metabolites) in terrestrial sewage outlets is so important to administering and improving contaminated river and to predicting and steering performance, we delved into the biological mechanism that sheds light on the effect of environmental conditions on metabolic pathways

How can sustainable public transport be improved? A traffic sign recognition approach using convolutional neural network

Sustainable public transport is an important factor to boost urban economic development, and it is also an important part of building a low-carbon environmental society. The application of driverless technology in public transport injects new impetus into its sustainable development. Road traffic sign recognition is the key technology of driverless public transport. It is particularly important to adopt innovative algorithms to optimize the accuracy of traffic sign recognition and build sustainable public transport. Therefore, this paper proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on k-means to optimize the accuracy of traffic sign recognition, and it proposes a sparse maximum CNN to identify difficult traffic signs through hierarchical classification. In the rough classification stage, k-means CNN is used to extract features, and improved support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification. Then, in the fine classification stage, sparse maximum CNN is used for classification. The research results show that the algorithm improves the accuracy of traffic sign recognition more comprehensively and effectively, and it can be effectively applied in unmanned driving technology, which will also bring new breakthroughs for the sustainable development of public transport

Detecting Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in non-Gaussian spin states from conditional spin-squeezing parameters

We present an experimentally practical method to reveal Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in non-Gaussian spin states by exploiting a connection to quantum metrology. Our criterion is based on the quantum Fisher information, and uses bounds derived from generalized spin-squeezing parameters that involve measurements of higher-order moments. This leads us to introduce the concept of conditional spin-squeezing parameters, which quantify the metrological advantage provided by conditional states, as well as detect the presence of an EPR paradox

Circulating tumor DNA determining hyperprogressive disease after CAR-T therapy alarms in DLBCL: a case report and literature review

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) has been widely applied in the clinical practice of relapse/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) due to its promising effects. Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) has gained attention for rapid tumor progression and has become a therapeutic and prognostic challenge. Here, we present a patient who had suffered from several recurrences previously and controlled well with a very small tumor lesion left was infused with CD19/CD22 bispecific CAR-T, with no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, or cytokine release syndrome observed. However, rapid deterioration, subsequent imaging examination, circulating tumor DNA, and serum biomarkers detection identified HPD. The patient did not respond to salvage treatment and died 40 days after infusion. To our knowledge, only one case of HPD in DLBCL after CAR-T therapy has been reported. This fatal case alarmed the risk of HPD and the ctDNA profile monitoring we used was performed as a non-invasive method to diagnose HPD, providing far-reaching practical instruction for CAR-T therapy

Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis : Novel communication tool and strategy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a universal method of cellular communications and are reportedly produced in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Bacterial EVs are often called “Outer Membrane Vesicles” (OMVs) as they were the result of a controlled blebbing of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Bacterial EVs are natural messengers, implicated in intra- and inter-species cell-to-cell communication among microorganism populations present in microbiota. Bacteria can incorporate their pathogens into OMVs; the content of OMVs differs, depending on the type of bacteria. The production of distinct types of OMVs can be mediated by different factors and routes. A recent study highlighted OMVs ability to carry crucial molecules implicated in immune modulation, and, nowadays, they are considered as a way to communicate and transfer messages from the bacteria to the host and vice versa. This review article focuses on the current understanding of OMVs produced from major oral bacteria, P. gingivalis: generation, characteristics, and contents as well as the involvement in signal transduction of host cells and systemic diseases. Our recent study regarding the action of P. gingivalis OMVs in the living body is also summarized

Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis: Novel communication tool and strategy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a universal method of cellular communications and are reportedly produced in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Bacterial EVs are often called "Outer Membrane Vesicles" (OMVs) as they were the result of a controlled blebbing of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Bacterial EVs are natural messengers, implicated in intra-and inter-species cell-to-cell communication among microorganism populations present in microbiota. Bacteria can incorporate their pathogens into OMVs; the content of OMVs differs, depending on the type of bacteria. The production of distinct types of OMVs can be mediated by different factors and routes. A recent study highlighted OMVs ability to carry crucial molecules implicated in immune modulation, and, nowadays, they are considered as a way to communicate and transfer messages from the bacteria to the host and vice versa. This review article focuses on the current understanding of OMVs produced from major oral bacteria, P. gingivalis: generation, characteristics, and contents as well as the involvement in signal transduction of host cells and systemic diseases. Our recent study regarding the action of P. gingivalis OMVs in the living body is also summarized

Climate warming accelerates temporal scaling of grassland soil microbial biodiversity.

Determining the temporal scaling of biodiversity, typically described as species-time relationships (STRs), in the face of global climate change is a central issue in ecology because it is fundamental to biodiversity preservation and ecosystem management. However, whether and how climate change affects microbial STRs remains unclear, mainly due to the scarcity of long-term experimental data. Here, we examine the STRs and phylogenetic-time relationships (PTRs) of soil bacteria and fungi in a long-term multifactorial global change experiment with warming (+3 °C), half precipitation (-50%), double precipitation (+100%) and clipping (annual plant biomass removal). Soil bacteria and fungi all exhibited strong STRs and PTRs across the 12 experimental conditions. Strikingly, warming accelerated the bacterial and fungal STR and PTR exponents (that is, the w values), yielding significantly (P < 0.001) higher temporal scaling rates. While the STRs and PTRs were significantly shifted by altered precipitation, clipping and their combinations, warming played the predominant role. In addition, comparison with the previous literature revealed that soil bacteria and fungi had considerably higher overall temporal scaling rates (w = 0.39-0.64) than those of plants and animals (w = 0.21-0.38). Our results on warming-enhanced temporal scaling of microbial biodiversity suggest that the strategies of soil biodiversity preservation and ecosystem management may need to be adjusted in a warmer world

Warming-induced permafrost thaw exacerbates tundra soil carbon decomposition mediated by microbial community.

BACKGROUND:It is well-known that global warming has effects on high-latitude tundra underlain with permafrost. This leads to a severe concern that decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) previously stored in this region, which accounts for about 50% of the world's SOC storage, will cause positive feedback that accelerates climate warming. We have previously shown that short-term warming (1.5 years) stimulates rapid, microbe-mediated decomposition of tundra soil carbon without affecting the composition of the soil microbial community (based on the depth of 42684 sequence reads of 16S rRNA gene amplicons per 3 g of soil sample). RESULTS:We show that longer-term (5 years) experimental winter warming at the same site altered microbial communities (p < 0.040). Thaw depth correlated the strongest with community assembly and interaction networks, implying that warming-accelerated tundra thaw fundamentally restructured the microbial communities. Both carbon decomposition and methanogenesis genes increased in relative abundance under warming, and their functional structures strongly correlated (R2 > 0.725, p < 0.001) with ecosystem respiration or CH4 flux. CONCLUSIONS:Our results demonstrate that microbial responses associated with carbon cycling could lead to positive feedbacks that accelerate SOC decomposition in tundra regions, which is alarming because SOC loss is unlikely to subside owing to changes in microbial community composition. Video Abstract