Uncertain Lifetime, Bequest, Annuity and Capital accumulation under different motives of Bequests.

Master'sMASTER OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

How do parents respond to regulation of sugary drinks in child care? Evidence from California

Excessive sugar intake is associated with higher risk for a range of diseases in children, including childhood obesity. To reduce sugar intake in children, California regulates the provision of sugar-sweetened beverages and juice by child care facilities. The regulation may reduce the consumption of beverages high in sugar in the short run and weaken their preferences for sugary drinks in the long run. Whether these objectives are achieved depends on how parents respond to the regulation by providing sugary drinks at home. Using detailed scanner data on grocery purchases, we find that affected California households increased their juice purchases right after the regulation became effective. However, this increase disappears after 1 year. Moreover, we do not find an increase in the purchases of sugary substitutes. Our findings suggest that parents provide more juice for their children after child care facilities limit their provision of sugary beverage, but such offsetting behavior disappears after 1 year. Regulating the consumption of sugary drinks in child care facilities may be an effective policy to lower children's preferences for sugary drinks

Integrated Regulatory Network Reveals the Early Salt Tolerance Mechanism of Populus Euphratica

Salinization is one of the major factors that threaten the existence of plants worldwide. Populus euphratica has been deemed to be a promising candidate for stress response research because of its high capacity to tolerate extreme salt stress. We carried out a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) response to salt shock and elucidate the early salt tolerance mechanisms in P. euphratica. Both hierarchical clustering and DEG analysis demonstrated a predominant variation from time-course rather than NaCl intensity within 24 hours salt shock. Among the identified 1,678 salt-responsive DEGs, 74.1% (1,244) have not been reported before. We further created an integrated regulatory gene network of the salt response in P. euphratica by combining DEGs, transcription factors (TFs), Helitrons, miRNAs and their targets. The prominent pathways in this network are plant hormone transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, RNA transport, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, etc. In addition, the network indicates calcium-related genes play key roles in P. euphratica response to salt shock. These results illustrated an overview of the systematic molecular response in P. euphratica under different intensities of salt shock and revealed the complex regulatory mechanism

Characteristics of Magnetic Fields Induced by the Wake of an Underwater Vehicle

Underwater vehicles generate hydrodynamic wakes within a large area that last for a longtime during navigation, thus generating induced magnetic fields, and these are of great significance for detecting and tracking underwater vehicles. In combination with the wakefield and magnetic field simulations, this study adopts the dynamic overlapping mesh technology to conduct a numerical simulation of the wake magnetic field during the movement of an underwater vehicle. This paper introduces the causes of formation and laws of evolution of the wake magnetic field, analyzes its spatial distribution and time-domain changes, and discusses the time-frequency domain characteristics at different monitoring points as well as the effects of navigation speed and acceleration on wake magnetic fields. Our results indicate that the wake magnetic field of an underwater vehicle belongs to a low-frequency weak signal of 0–5 Hz; as the navigation speed increases, the barycenter frequency of the wake magnetic field decreases and the half-energy bandwidth increases. The increase in acceleration of the underwater vehicle will cause a higher growth rate of the wake magnetic field. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the detection of underwater vehicles based on wake magnetic fields

Characteristics of Magnetic Fields Induced by the Wake of an Underwater Vehicle

Underwater vehicles generate hydrodynamic wakes within a large area that last for a longtime during navigation, thus generating induced magnetic fields, and these are of great significance for detecting and tracking underwater vehicles. In combination with the wakefield and magnetic field simulations, this study adopts the dynamic overlapping mesh technology to conduct a numerical simulation of the wake magnetic field during the movement of an underwater vehicle. This paper introduces the causes of formation and laws of evolution of the wake magnetic field, analyzes its spatial distribution and time-domain changes, and discusses the time-frequency domain characteristics at different monitoring points as well as the effects of navigation speed and acceleration on wake magnetic fields. Our results indicate that the wake magnetic field of an underwater vehicle belongs to a low-frequency weak signal of 0–5 Hz; as the navigation speed increases, the barycenter frequency of the wake magnetic field decreases and the half-energy bandwidth increases. The increase in acceleration of the underwater vehicle will cause a higher growth rate of the wake magnetic field. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the detection of underwater vehicles based on wake magnetic fields

Principle and Feasibility Study of Proposed Hydrate-Based Cyclopentane Purification Technology

The separation of azeotropic mixtures has conventionally been one of the most challenging tasks in industrial processes due to the fact that components in the mixture will undergo gas–liquid phase transition at the same time. We proposed a method for separating azeotropes using hydrate formation as a solid–liquid phase transition. The feasibility of hydrate-based separation is determined by analyzing the crystal structure and chemical bonds of hydrate. Taking the azeotrope cyclopentane and neohexane in petroleum as an example, cyclopentane (95%) was purified to 98.56% yield using the proposed hydrate-based cyclopentane purification technology. However, this is difficult to achieve using conventional distillation methods. The proposed method is simple in operation and yields a good separation effect. This study provides a new method for separating cyclopentane and neohexane

Controlled Epitaxial Growth and Atomically Sharp Interface of Graphene/Ferromagnetic Heterostructure via Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

The strong spin filtering effect can be produced by C-Ni atomic orbital hybridization in lattice-matched graphene/Ni (111) heterostructures, which provides an ideal platform to improve the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). However, large-area, high-quality graphene/ferromagnetic epitaxial interfaces are mainly limited by the single-crystal size of the Ni (111) substrate and well-oriented graphene domains. In this work, based on the preparation of a 2-inch single-crystal Ni (111) film on an Al2O3 (0001) wafer, we successfully achieve the production of a full-coverage, high-quality graphene monolayer on a Ni (111) substrate with an atomically sharp interface via ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). The high crystallinity and strong coupling of the well-oriented epitaxial graphene/Ni (111) interface are systematically investigated and carefully demonstrated. Through the analysis of the growth model, it is shown that the oriented growth induced by the Ni (111) crystal, the optimized graphene nucleation and the subsurface carbon density jointly contribute to the resulting high-quality graphene/Ni (111) heterostructure. Our work provides a convenient approach for the controllable fabrication of a large-area homogeneous graphene/ferromagnetic interface, which would benefit interface engineering of graphene-based MTJs and future chip-level 2D spintronic applications