Comparing One with Many -- Solving Binary2source Function Matching Under Function Inlining

Binary2source function matching is a fundamental task for many security applications, including Software Component Analysis (SCA). The "1-to-1" mechanism has been applied in existing binary2source matching works, in which one binary function is matched against one source function. However, we discovered that such mapping could be "1-to-n" (one query binary function maps multiple source functions), due to the existence of function inlining. To help conduct binary2source function matching under function inlining, we propose a method named O2NMatcher to generate Source Function Sets (SFSs) as the matching target for binary functions with inlining. We first propose a model named ECOCCJ48 for inlined call site prediction. To train this model, we leverage the compilable OSS to generate a dataset with labeled call sites (inlined or not), extract several features from the call sites, and design a compiler-opt-based multi-label classifier by inspecting the inlining correlations between different compilations. Then, we use this model to predict the labels of call sites in the uncompilable OSS projects without compilation and obtain the labeled function call graphs of these projects. Next, we regard the construction of SFSs as a sub-tree generation problem and design root node selection and edge extension rules to construct SFSs automatically. Finally, these SFSs will be added to the corpus of source functions and compared with binary functions with inlining. We conduct several experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of O2NMatcher and results show our method increases the performance of existing works by 6% and exceeds all the state-of-the-art works

Identification of essential genes in human lymphopoiesis

Objective. Pesticide self-poisoning accounts for one-third of suicides worldwide, but few studies have investigated the national epidemiology of pesticide suicide in countries where it is a commonly used method. We investigated trends in pesticide suicide, and factors associated with such trends, in Taiwan, a rapidly developing East Asian country. Methods. We conducted an ecological study using graphical approaches and Spearman's correlation coefficients to examine trends in pesticide suicide (19872010) in Taiwan in relation to pesticide sales, bans on selected pesticides, the proportion of the workforce involved in agriculture and unemployment. We compared pesticide products banned by the Taiwanese government with products that remained on the market and pesticides that accounted for the most poisoning deaths in Taiwan. Results. Age-standardised rates of pesticide suicide showed a 67% reduction from 7.7 per 100,000 (42% of all suicides) in 1987 to 2.5 per 100,000 (12% of all suicides) in 2010, in contrast to a 69% increase in suicide rates by other methods. Pesticide poisoning was the most commonly used method of suicide in 1987 but had become the third most common method by 2010. The reduction was paralleled by a 66% fall in the workforce involved in agriculture but there was no strong evidence for its association with trends in pesticide sales, bans on selected pesticide products or unemployment. The bans mostly post-dated the decline in pesticide suicides; furthermore, they did not include products (e.g. paraquat) that accounted for most deaths and were mainly restricted to selected high-strength formulated products whilst their equivalent low-strength products were not banned. Conclusions. Access to pesticides, indicated by the size of agricultural workforce, appears to influence trends in pesticide suicide in Taiwan. Targeted bans on pesticides should focus on those products that account for most deaths. © 2012 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.postprin

Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is important for lung tissue damage and airway remodeling induced by short-term exposure to cigarette smoking in mice

Aim: To investigate the role of chemokine receptor CXCR3 in cigarette smoking (CS)-induced pulmonary damage. Methods: CXCR3 knockout (CXCR3-/-) mice were used. Differences in airspace enlargement, mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, CXCL10 in lung homogenates, and CXCL10 content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and homogenates were compared between CXCR3-/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice three days after three-day CS exposures. Results: The linear intercept was significantly less in CXCR3-/- mice than in WT mice (30.1±0.9 μm vs 40.3±2.4 μm, P<0.01). Morphologically, collagen was deposited less around airways and vessels in CXCR3-/- mice. The lung hydroxyproline content was significantly lower in CXCR3-/- mice than in WT mice (6.0±1.0 μg/mL vs 12.0±1.6 μg/mL, P<0.05). Profoundly lower mRNA expression of MMP2, MMP12, TGFβ1, and CXCL10 was seen in lung homogenates from CXCR3-/- mice. CXCL10 concentrations in BAL fluid and lung homogenates were significantly lower in CXCR3-/- mice than in WT mice (BAL fluid: 19.3±1.4 pg/mL vs 24.8±1.6 pg/mL, P<0.05; lung homogenates: 76.6±7.0 pg/mL vs 119.5±15.9 pg/mL, P<0.05). Conclusion: CXCR3 is important in mediating lung tissue damage and airway remodeling following a short-term CS insult, possibly through up-regulation of CXCL10 and inducement of mRNA expression of MMPs. Targeting CXCR3 may be helpful for prevention of CS-induced pulmonary pathology

Quantum discord induced by white noises

We discuss the creation of quantum discord between two two-level atoms trapped in an optical cavity in a noisy environment. It is shown that nonzero steady-state quantum discord between atoms can be obtained when the white-noise field is separately imposed on atoms or cavity mode, while the steady-state quantum discord reaches zero if both cavity mode and atoms are driven simultaneously by white-noise fields. In particular, we demonstrate that white-noise field in different cases can play a variously constructive role in the generation of quantum discord.Comment: 6 figure

Superconductivity emerged from density-wave order in a kagome bad metal

Unconventional superconductivity (USC) in a highly correlated kagome system has been theoretically proposed for years, yet the experimental realization is hard to achieve. The recently discovered vanadium-based kagome materials, which exhibit both superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) orders, are nonmagnetic and weakly correlated, thus unlikely host USC as theories proposed. Here we report the discovery of a chromium-based kagome bad metal, CsCr$_3$Sb$_5$, which is contrastingly characterised by significant electron correlations and frustrated magnetism. Successive phase transitions at $\sim$54 K with stripe-like $4a_0$ structural modulations are observed, probably associated with CDW and antiferromagnetic spin-density-wave (SDW) orderings. Under moderately high pressures of 4-8 GPa, these density-wave orders are suppressed and, remarkably, superconductivity emerges with a maximum $T_\mathrm{c}$ of 6.4 K. A quantum critical point at $P_\mathrm{c}\approx$ 4 GPa is revealed, by which non-Fermi-liquid behaviours show up, reminiscent of USC in iron-based superconductors. The electronic structure calculations indicate that the electron filling is close to the characteristic flat bands of the kagome lattice. Our work offers an unprecedented platform for investigating the mechanism of USC in a correlated kagome system.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figure