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A Preliminary Report of Crosslinguistic Evidence on Efficacy of Semantic-Complexity Based Naming Treatment in Korean Aphasics

The current study investigated the efficacy of semantic-complexity based naming treatment in Korean participants with aphasia. Results suggested that both participants showed small to medium effect sizes in the trained items. However, generalization effects were greater in the participant who received treatment on the atypical items first, than the participant who was initiated on the typical items. These results are consistent with the previous findings in English-speaking aphasic participants (Kiran & Thompson, 2003; Kiran, 2008). Preliminary findings of two Korean participants with aphasia added crosslinguistic evidence on efficacy of the semantic complexity based naming treatment

Physician Compliance with Nutrition Support Team Recommendations: Effects on the Outcome of Treatment for Critically Ill Patients

Purpose Attending physicians in Korea are aware of the existence of the Nutrition Support Team (NST), but even when the NST are consulted, compliance with their recommendations may be low. This study was performed to identify physicians’ compliance with the NST advice and how this affected the outcome of treatment for critically ill patients. Methods This study was a retrospective observational study. Critically ill patients who were older than 18 years, younger than 90 years, and had been admitted and managed in the intensive care unit were selected for this study. Patients were assigned to either the compliance group or the non-compliance group according to physician compliance with the NST advice. Each group were compared using variables such as calorie supply, protein supply, laboratory findings, hospital stay, 30-day mortality, and survival rate. Results The compliance group (81% of cases) was supplied with a significantly higher energy (1,146.36 ± 473.45 kcal vs. 832.45 ± 364.28 kcal, p < 0.01) and a significantly higher protein (55.00 ± 22.30 g/day vs. 42.98 ± 24.46 g/day, p = 0.04) compared with the non-compliance group. There was no significant difference in the basic demographics between groups, although the compliance group had a better outcome in the 30-day mortality rate (8% vs. 26%, p = 0.02), and in survival beyond 1 year (Crude model, hazard ratio: 2.42, CI: 1.11–5.29). Conclusion Critically ill patients whose attending physician complied with the NST advice, received an increased energy intake and supply of protein which was positively associated with survival

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is frequently expressed in stromal cells of Hodgkin lymphoma and is associated with adverse clinical features: a retrospective cohort study

Background: Regulation of tumor microenvironment is closely involved in the prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme acting as immune modulator through suppression of T-cell immunity. This study aims to investigate role of IDO in the microenvironment of HL. Methods: A total of 121 cases of HL were enrolled to do immunohistochemistry for IDO, CD163, CD68, CD4, CD8, and FoxP3. Positivity was evaluated from area fractions or numbers of positive cells using automated image analyzer. Correlations between IDO expression and various cellular infiltrates and clinicopathologic parameters were examined and survival analyses were performed. Results: IDO was expressed in histiocytes, dendritic cells and some endothelial cells with variable degrees, but not in tumor cells. IDO positive cells were more frequently found in mixed cellularity type than other histologic types, and in cases with EBV+, high Ann Arbor stages, B symptoms, and high IPS (all p < 0.05). High IDO expression was associated with inferior survival (p < 0.001) and reflects an independent prognostic factor in nodular sclerosis HL. Conclusions: This is the first study suggesting that IDO is the principle immunomodulator and is involved to adverse clinical outcomes of HL.Peer Reviewe

Anti-amyloidogenic effect of menaquinone-7 on betaamyloid production and aggregation

Purpose: To investigate the beneficial effects of menaquinone-7 (MK-7), an isoform of vitamin K2, against beta-amyloid (Aβ) production and aggregation in Alzheimer's disease using in vitro assays. Methods: The cytotoxicity of MK-7 was determined by MTT assay. The amount of Aβ produced and secreted into the supernatant by APP-CHO cells treated with MK-7 was evaluated by ELISA. The expression of β-secretases and ADAM10, a representative α-secretase, was determined using western blot analysis. The production of sAPPβ and sAPPα fragments generated by β-secretases and αsecretase, respectively, were also determined by western blot analysis. The effect on Aβ aggregation was assessed using Thioflavin T (Th T) assay. Results: MK-7 (up to 75 nM) significantly decreased Aβ production in APP-CHO cells. This was accompanied by decreased expression of β-secretase and lower production of sAPPβ (p &lt; 0.05). However, expression of ADAM10 and production of sAPPα were not significantly affected. In contrast, MK-7 significantly decreased Aβ aggregation in a dose-dependent manner (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: MK-7 exerts anti-amyloidogenic effects via decreased production and lower aggregation of Aβ into oligomers and fibrils. Therefore, dietary supplementation with MK-7 may be beneficial for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease

Natural-mixing guided design of refractory high-entropy alloys with as-cast tensile ductility

Multi-principal-element metallic alloys have created a growing interest that is unprecedented in metallurgical history, in exploring the property limits of metals and the governing physical mechanisms. Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have drawn particular attention due to their (i) high melting points and excellent softening-resistance, which are the two key requirements for high-temperature applications; and (ii) compositional space, which is immense even after considering cost and recyclability restrictions. However, RHEAs also exhibit intrinsic brittleness and oxidation-susceptibility, which remain as significant challenges for their processing and application. Here, utilizing natural-mixing characteristics amongst refractory elements, we designed a Ti38V15Nb23Hf24 RHEA that exhibits >20% tensile ductility already at the as-cast state, and physicochemical stability at high-temperatures. Exploring the underlying deformation mechanisms across multiple length-scales, we observe that a rare beta prime precipitation strengthening mechanism governs its intriguing mechanical response. These results also reveal the effectiveness of natural-mixing tendencies in expediting HEA discovery.Comment: 31 pages, 4 figures in the maintext; 2 tables and 18 figures in the supplementary informatio

Attenuated Age-Related Thinning of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Long Eyes

PURPOSE: To assess the impact of axial length on the age-related peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational comparative case series included 172 eyes from 172 healthy Korean subjects. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured using an Optic Disc Cube 200 x 200 scan of spectral domain Cirrus HD OCT and the axial length was measured using IOL Master Advanced Technology. In age groups based on decade, the normal ranges of peripapillary RNFL thickness for average, quadrant, and clock-hour sectors were determined with 95% confidence intervals. After dividing the eyes into two groups according to axial length (cut-off, 24.50 mm), the degrees of age-related RNFL thinning were compared. RESULTS: Among the eyes included in the study, 53 (30.81%) were considered to be long eyes (axial length, 25.04 +/- 0.48 microm) and 119 (69.19%) were short-to-normal length eyes (axial length, 23.57 +/- 0.60 microm). The decrease in average RNFL thickness with age was less in long eyes (negative slope, -0.12 microm/yr) than in short-to-normal length eyes (negative slope, -0.32 microm/yr) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Age-related thinning of peripapillary RNFL thickness is attenuated in long eyes compared to short-to-normal length eyes.ope

Clinical Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed With Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis After Dental Implants

Background and Objectives With the ongoing development of intraoral surgical treatment and invasive dental treatments such as implants, odontogenic rhinosinusitis (ORS) is on the rise. ORS related to dental implants accounts for 8% to 37% of cases. The purpose of this study is to define the characteristics of patients with ORS related to dental implants. Methods From 2015 to 2019, the medical records of 15 patients who developed maxillary sinus disease after receiving dental implants were retrospectively analyzed among patients who visited the ear nose and throat and dentistry departments. We reviewed the chief complaint, assessment, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these patients. Results Of the 15 patients, all were diagnosed with ORS. One patient with a post-operative cheek cyst, 1 with fungal sinusitis, 1 with an inverted papilloma, 1 with chronic rhinosinusitis, and 1 with a radicular cyst were diagnosed after surgery. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in 14 patients and 2 patients underwent a combined operation. One patient improved after medical treatment. The follow-up period was about 8.6 months. No recurrence was found in any of the patients. Conclusion If an implant problem is suspected based on history-taking and physical examination, active consultation with dentistry is needed to diagnose ORS