Development of weightage factor on social and safety criteria for Malaysia green rural road

Green Rural Road (GRR) is an inventiveness for the infrastructure to be environmental and sustainable responsible to the societies. With the initiatives of management and technical approach for rural road life cycle from construction to its maintenance processes, it is important to assess the assessment system which highlights the most critical tools on GRR Assessment which mostly agreed the development of green based on SITES, GreenLites, Envision and BE2ST in-Highways and MYGHI that uses the social and safety as major category of assessment model. Social and safety criteria’s basically covers the pollutants that endanger the public health, global climate, biodiversity or integrity of ecological processes which allows the basic approach requirements of individuals and societies to be met safely. The aim of this study is to analyse the social and safety elements which therefore outlined in Malaysia GRR Index and its assessment. Data was achieved through an extensive literature reviews,which also been validated by expert point of view and has been distributed among 100 experts but only 73 responses included experts and stakeholders have been taken into consideration for further analysis. The data had been analyzed using SPSS with factor analysis method. From the early benchmarking ,its been highlighted that there are (35) elements that have been taken into consideration. It were then classify into (10) sub criteria and finally (5) criteria. The result have shown that five of the criteria reflected social sustainability (economy, public acceptance and environment) while three reflected safety issues (services and facilities, pollution reduction, management issue). There were (35) variables that had been analyzed but three (3) items were removed due to not significance loading.Therefore the final model consists of 32 items. Analysis of the major factor weights shows that Services and Facilities is weighted the highest accounting for 58%. This signify that most of respondents profess the importance of providing planned pedestrian networks, disable user infrastructure and improving health and education communities over better road access. As conclusion, by developing the indicator of social and safety for rural road, the sustainability development will be holistically accomplished

Psychological Traits According to Vaikundar in Akhilathiratu

People living in South India in the nineteenth century AD were subjected to many atrocities of untouchability. In those days the people were denied their rights under the rule of the Travancore king. It was a kind of hateful and jealous regime. The people who lived in those days regarded each other as enemies and even brothers born together fight each other. It became easy for the rulers of that time to enslave those who lived in disunity. Ayya ​​Vaikundar brought together the enslaved people with his efforts and made them free from slavery. He wanted to create a peaceful social revolution among the people who were oppressed in the society and lived without identity due to social inequalities. He encouraged the oppressed people who were bound by customs to think and act on the path of morality. He sought to abolish caste which was a stumbling block to remove the inequalities found among the people. He instilled equality in those who came to him without regard to caste. He insists people to live with dignity and unity and  created many principles and morals for life and he gave impetus to the development of man. The nature of this article is to prove that Vaikundar upholds his policy of social justice

Comprehensive \u3ci\u3ein vitro\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3ein vivo\u3c/i\u3e evaluation of therapeutic potential of Bacopa-derived asiatic acid against a human oral pathogen \u3ci\u3eStreptococcus mutans\u3c/i\u3e

Dental caries is a common human oral disease worldwide, caused by an acid-producing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The use of synthetic drugs and antibiotics to prevent dental caries has been increasing, but this can lead to severe side effects. To solve this issue, developing and developed countries have resorted to herbal medicines as an alternative to synthetic drugs for the treatment and prevention of dental caries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for plant-derived products to treat such diseases. Bacopa monnieri, a well-documented medicinal plant, contains 52 phytocompounds, including the pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolite known as asiatic acid (ASTA). Hence, this study aimed to demonstrate, for the first time, the antibacterial activity of phytocompound ASTA against S. mutans. The findings revealed that ASTA significantly inhibited the growth of S. mutans and the production of virulence factors such as acidurity, acidogenicity, and eDNA synthesis. Molecular docking analysis evaluated the potential activity of ASTA against S. mutans virulence genes, including VicR and GtfC. Furthermore, toxicity assessment of ASTA in human buccal epithelial cells was performed, and no morphological changes were observed. An in vivo analysis using Danio rerio (zebrafish) confirmed that the ASTA treatment significantly increased the survival rates of infected fish by hindering the intestinal colonization of S. mutans. Furthermore, the disease protection potential of ASTA against the pathognomonic symptom of S. mutans infection was proven by the histopathological examination of the gills, gut, and kidney. Overall, these findings suggest that ASTAmay be a promising therapeutic and alternative drug for the treatment and prevention of oral infection imposed by S. mutans

Blood Flow Separator Design In Passive Lab-On-Chip Device

Nowadays, most of the clinical analytical tests are performed by separating the blood particles and it is exclusively used to diagnose the diseases in the medical field. There are various techniques which can be done through separating the particles, yet there are ways to go further for making the separation of particles efficient. Therefore, an on-chip integrated microfluidic device is required for separating the blood particles. The particle separation can be achieved by using porosity method which comes under the filtration techniques. The designed device consists of an inlet and an outlet reservoir. The device has a top channel and bottom channel for the blood flow where the filters are placed at the middle. By this way of filtration, it can easily separate normal and abnormal blood particles. From the whole blood sample, the particles are trapped by using hydrodynamics trapping method. The passive device is designed by COMSOL Multiphysics software and design results are presented

Network pharmacology: an efficient but underutilized approach in oral, head and neck cancer therapy—a review

The application of network pharmacology (NP) has advanced our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, including neck, head, and oral cancers, as well as thyroid carcinoma. This review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of natural network pharmacology using compounds and traditional Chinese medicines for combating these malignancies. NP serves as a pivotal tool that provides a comprehensive view of the interactions among compounds, genes, and diseases, thereby contributing to the advancement of disease treatment and management. In parallel, this review discusses the significance of publicly accessible databases in the identification of oral, head, and neck cancer-specific genes. These databases, including those for head and neck oral cancer, head and neck cancer, oral cancer, and genomic variants of oral cancer, offer valuable insights into the genes, miRNAs, drugs, and genetic variations associated with these cancers. They serve as indispensable resources for researchers, clinicians, and drug developers, contributing to the pursuit of precision medicine and improved treatment of these challenging malignancies. In summary, advancements in NP could improve the globalization and modernization of traditional medicines and prognostic targets as well as aid in the development of innovative drugs. Furthermore, this review will be an eye-opener for researchers working on drug development from traditional medicines by applying NP approaches

Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluation of therapeutic potential of Bacopa-derived asiatic acid against a human oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries is a common human oral disease worldwide, caused by an acid-producing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The use of synthetic drugs and antibiotics to prevent dental caries has been increasing, but this can lead to severe side effects. To solve this issue, developing and developed countries have resorted to herbal medicines as an alternative to synthetic drugs for the treatment and prevention of dental caries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for plant-derived products to treat such diseases. Bacopa monnieri, a well-documented medicinal plant, contains 52 phytocompounds, including the pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolite known as asiatic acid (ASTA). Hence, this study aimed to demonstrate, for the first time, the antibacterial activity of phytocompound ASTA against S. mutans. The findings revealed that ASTA significantly inhibited the growth of S. mutans and the production of virulence factors such as acidurity, acidogenicity, and eDNA synthesis. Molecular docking analysis evaluated the potential activity of ASTA against S. mutans virulence genes, including VicR and GtfC. Furthermore, toxicity assessment of ASTA in human buccal epithelial cells was performed, and no morphological changes were observed. An in vivo analysis using Danio rerio (zebrafish) confirmed that the ASTA treatment significantly increased the survival rates of infected fish by hindering the intestinal colonization of S. mutans. Furthermore, the disease protection potential of ASTA against the pathognomonic symptom of S. mutans infection was proven by the histopathological examination of the gills, gut, and kidney. Overall, these findings suggest that ASTA may be a promising therapeutic and alternative drug for the treatment and prevention of oral infection imposed by S. mutans

An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics

Abiotic stresses (AbS), such as drought, salinity, and thermal stresses, could highly affect the growth and development of plants. For decades, researchers have attempted to unravel the mechanisms of AbS for enhancing the corresponding tolerance of plants, especially for crop production in agriculture. In the present communication, we summarized the significant factors (atmosphere, soil and water) of AbS, their regulations, and integrated omics in the most important cereal crops in the world, especially rice, wheat, sorghum, and maize. It has been suggested that using systems biology and advanced sequencing approaches in genomics could help solve the AbS response in cereals. An emphasis was given to holistic approaches such as, bioinformatics and functional omics, gene mining and agronomic traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and transcription factors (TFs) family with respect to AbS. In addition, the development of omics studies has improved to address the identification of AbS responsive genes and it enables the interaction between signaling pathways, molecular insights, novel traits and their significance in cereal crops. This review compares AbS mechanisms to omics and bioinformatics resources to provide a comprehensive view of the mechanisms. Moreover, further studies are needed to obtain the information from the integrated omics databases to understand the AbS mechanisms for the development of large spectrum AbS-tolerant crop production

Ultrasonic a testing of honeycomb composite specimens

Composite honeycombs have desirable strength-to-weight ratio and heat insulation properties due to their unique geometry consisting of a honeycomb core that is sandwiched between two face sheets. However, the structure also has defects that require reliable Non-Destructive Testing methods, like Ultrasonic Testing, for defect detection. Ultrasonic Testing involves transmitting sound waves that get reflected upon encountering a discontinuity within any material. The strength of the reflected signals can then be easily analysed to characterize flaws. Currently, Through Transmission, which requires two probes, is prevalent in the Ultrasonic Testing of composite honeycombs. This is however complex and it is thus necessary to identify flaws that Pulse Echo using a single probe can detect. In this final project work, Ultrasonic A-Scan was used to investigate the detection of defects such as fiber delaminations, cuts in the honeycomb core, and skin to core disbonds found within composite honeycomb structures. The specimens used for testing were first fabricated with either Nomex or Aluminium for the honeycomb core and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer for the face sheets, with the aforementioned defects incorporated at various depths. The testing was then done using both the Pulse Echo and Through Transmission techniques, where the probe frequency was also varied. Via the experiments, it was discovered that Through Transmission still performs better than the Pulse Echo technique in detecting all the different types of defects. Pulse Echo is limited to only detecting defects close to the probe surface and is rendered useless when the defect is extremely far from the probe, such as when the probe is on the opposite side of the defect. The material of the honeycomb core and probe frequency were also found to have a noticeable impact on the quality of the signals and consequently the capabilities of Ultrasonic Testing in finding the defects within the composite honeycomb specimens.Bachelor of Engineering (Aerospace Engineering

MULTIPLICATIVE PRESERVERS ON SEMIGROUPS OF MATRICES

Bachelor'sBACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS

Bacopa monnieri and Their Bioactive Compounds Inferred Multi-Target Treatment Strategy for Neurological Diseases: A Cheminformatics and System Pharmacology Approach

Neurological diseases (NDs), especially Alzheimer’s and Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), can severely cause biochemical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord and other nerves of human beings. Their ever-increasing prevalence has led to a demand for new drug development. Indian traditional and Ayurvedic medicine used to combat the complex diseases from a holistic and integrative point of view has shown efficiency and effectiveness in the treatment of NDs. Bacopa monnieri is a potent Indian medicinal herb used for multiple ailments, but is significantly known as a nootropic or brain tonic and memory enhancer. This annual herb has various active compounds and acts as an alternative and complementary medicine in various countries. However, system-level insights of the molecular mechanism of a multiscale treatment strategy for NDs is still a bottleneck. Considering its prominence, we used cheminformatics and system pharmacological approaches, with the aim to unravel the various molecular mechanisms represented by Bacopa-derived compounds in identifying the active human targets when treating NDs. First, using cheminformatics analysis combined with the drug target mining process, 52 active compounds and their corresponding 780 direct receptors were retrieved and computationally validated. Based on the molecular properties, bioactive scores and comparative analysis with commercially available drugs, novel and active compounds such as asiatic acid (ASTA) and loliolide (LLD) to treat the Alzheimer’s and SCA were identified. According to the interactions among the active compounds, the targets and diseases were further analyzed to decipher the deeper pharmacological actions of the drug. NDs consist of complex regulatory modules that are integrated to dissect the therapeutic effects of compounds derived from Bacopa in various pathological features and their encoding biological processes. All these revealed that Bacopa compounds have several curative activities in regulating the various biological processes of NDs and also pave the way for the treatment of various diseases in modern medicine