Bilateral inferior conchae and turbinate hypertrophy causing choanal pseudoatresia

Respiratory distress in neonates is an emergency which requires a thorough investigation to determine the cause, whether it is due to the upper respiratory or lower respiratory entity. Nasal cavity pathologies rarely compromise the neonatal airway. Newborns are obligatory nasal breathers; thus, upper respiratory tract problems could potentially become life-threatening. We report a case of a newborn boy with inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) causing respiratory distress treated successfully by nasal dilatation and posterior septoplasty. Congenital bilateral ITH is rarely seen and can mimic choanal atresia. Congenital ITH would be missed at initial presentation without radiographic imaging and physical evaluation. It should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in cases suspected for choanal atresia

Functioning ectopic lingual thyroid in a toddler

Developmental defects of the thyroid gland are sporadic. Typical developmental abnormalities include ectopic thyroid, hemiagenesis, as well as agenesis of the thyroid gland. In children, ectopic thyroid gland is usually associated with hypothyroidism. Herein, we report a case of a 3-year-old girl with underlying congenital hypothyroidism, who also had functioning ectopic thyroid tissue in the sublingual region, as discovered during Tc-99m thyroid scintigraphy. Ultrasonography of the neck revealed an atrophic thyroid gland. Given that the lingual thyroid was the only functioning thyroid gland, and that there was no upper airway obstruction, she was treated conservatively with thyroid hormone and close monitoring

Columella necrosis in a child secondary to nasal continuous positive airway pressure during neonatal period

The advent of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation as a mode of treatment for respiratory distress syndrome for premature infants has increased the risk of nasal injuries such as pressure necrosis. We describe a case of a 24-week infant who received CPAP ventilation as a mode of ventilatory support for respiratory distress syndrome and the complication of pressure necrosis of the columella. There are many factors that predispose an infant receiving CPAP ventilation to nasal injury. Many strategies can be employed to reduce the incidence of nasal injuries such as the use of nasal barrier dressings, the use of nasal high flow oxygen (nHF) cannula instead of CPAP ventilation, and the use of nasal masks instead of nasal prongs for CPAP ventilation delivery. The treatment of pressure necrosis can be either medical or surgical. The use of ointments or growth sprays can be used in cases of skin breakdown. Surgical reconstruction can be offered in cases of nasal deformity

Recurrent Neck Abscess in a Child: Is Fourth Branchial Arch Anomaly More Common than We Think?

Branchial arch anomalies are the second most common cause of congenital lesions of the head and neck in children. We discuss a case of recurrent neck abscess in a young child, which eventually led to a third/fourth branchial cleft anomaly diagnosis. We aim to share our experience in the management of this patient along with a review of literature focusing on the presentation, diagnostic workup and treatment of third/fourth branchial arch anomaly

Osimertinib-induced hearing loss: an uncommon aftereffect of a novel drug—a case report

Abstract Background Epidermal growth factor  receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly improved survival outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, usage of TKIs is not without adverse effects, as it has been reported to cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Case presentation We describe a 72-year-old man who experienced hearing loss after taking osimertinib for 6 months. Later, his hearing further declined over a period of 1 year. Hearing rehabilitation with high-powered behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid has helped to improve his quality of life to some degree. There were no other known causative factors leading to the hearing deterioration. To date, there is no case report on osimertinib-induced SNHL. Conclusion Physicians ought to counsel patients on osimertinib of this rare side effect and monitor for early signs of hearing loss. Treatment protocol should be in place taking into account that they have either failed or likely to fail the first- or second-line treatments and have advanced stage disease

Endoscopic Repair of Recurrent Congenital H-Type Tracheoesophageal Fistula with Electrocautery and Tissue Adhesive: A Case Report with Endoscopic Pictures to Illustrate Technique.

Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is a known complication that follows a primary operative repair of a TOF. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as the management is difficult due to its significant morbidity. Treatment options include open surgical repair or an endoscopic repair of the fistula. We present a case of a recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula in a 11-month-old girl that was treated successfully via endoscopy approach with electrocautery and tissue adhesive

Endoscopic repair of recurrent congenital H-Type tracheoesophageal fistula with electrocautery and tissue adhesive : a case report with endoscopic pictures to illustrate technique

The recurrence of a tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is a known complication that follows a primary operative repair of a TOF. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its significant morbidity. Treatment options include open surgical repair or endoscopic repair of the fistula. We present a case of a recurrent TOF in an 11-month-old girl with tetralogy of fallot that was treated successfully via endoscopic approach with electrocautery and tissue adhesive