Introduction of certification program in production of plum planting material

Certification program for the production of fruit planting material has not been fully established in the Republic of Serbia. Despite this fact, Fruit Research Institute, Čačak has initiated the introduction of certification into the production of plum planting material of cultivars developed at the Institute. The main goal is to establish plum mother plantations with basic material satisfying the EPPO recommendations and national certification standards.Propagated material from pomologically selected trees in commercial and experimental orchards was collected and grafted onto virus-free Myrobalan rootstock. Candidate clones are kept in screen house which ensure absence of infection. Fifteen plum (Prunus domestica) cultivars are included in this study: ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’, ‘Čačanska Najbolja’, ‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Valjevka’, ‘Valerija’, ‘Čačanski Šećer’, ‘Jelica’, ‘Timočanka’, ‘Boranka’, ‘Mildora’, ‘Krina’, ‘Pozna Plava’, ‘Požegača’, ‘Stanley’, and perspective hybrid 14/21.All tests were done according to the EPPO recommendations. Selected clones were tested on woody indicators Prunus tomentosa, P. persica and P. serrulata cv. Shirofugen. ELISA test was duly performed for the detection of the following viruses: Plum pox virus, Prune dwarf virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Apple mosaic virus and Myrobalan latent ringspot virus. To increase the sensitivity of Plum pox virus detection, IC-RTPCR was used. The material was also tested for the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ by nested-PCR method.The presence of viruses was found in 8 plants. ELISA test revealed that four plants of cv. ‘Jelica’ were found to be positive on the presence of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus. Latent infection with Plum pox virus was detected by IC-RTPCR in 4 candidate clones (1 plant of each of cvs ‘Valerija’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ and ‘Požegača’). The rest of the material was free of all other viruses. The infection with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ was not evidenced in any of the tested plants.Keywords: certification, plum, viruses, phytoplasma

Health status of pome and stone fruit planting material imported to Serbia

We summarize results of the analysis of pome and stone fruit planting material to be imported to Serbia for the presence of quarantine and economically important viruses and phytoplasmas. The analysis was conducted 2004 – 2009 whereby, in compliance with the phytosanitary law regulations of the Republic of Serbia, officially inspected samples were subjected to the examination. During the period, a total of 325 samples were analyzed, i.e. 89 rootstock samples, 215 samples of different pome and stone fruit varieties, and 21 samples of stone fruit seed. The obtained results reveal that 5 samples were infected with viruses. Apple chlorotic leafspot virus was found in one sample of apple budwood, Prune dwarf virus was detected in Prunus avium L. seedlings, Plum pox virus was confirmed in 2 plum budwood samples, and Apple mosaic virus was also found in one sample of apple budwood. Keywords: Pome fruits, stone fruits, planting material, seed, viruses, phytoplasma

Efficient genetic transformation of Impatiens hawkerii Bull. (Balsamiaceae) using agrobacterium rhizogenes

Transformation of Impatiens hawkerii Bull. mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS was studied. Hairy roots developed 10 days after inoculation were excised from the shoot explants and transferred onto Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium lacking plant growth regulators. More than 20 hairy root clones were established and eight of them were further analyzed. Each clone differed significantly from the others in growth capacity and lateral branching. Clone C2 showed the highest biomass (20.6 g L-1) as well as the highest number of lateral roots (37 ± 2.2). The transgenic nature of the established hairy root clones was confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis. In conclusion, hairy roots were developed for the first time in I. hawkerii Bull., and transgenic hairy root clones showed a distinct morphological nature and growth patterns.Proučavana je genetička transformacija Impatiens hawkerii Bull. posredstvom Agrobacterium rhizogenes soja A4M70GUS. Deset dana posle inokulacije formirali su se transgeni korenovi na eksplantatima izdanaka, a zatim gajeni na Murashige and Skoog's (MS) osnovnoj hranljivoj podlozi bez biljnih regulatora rastenja. Uspostavljene su kulture više od 20 klonova, a 8 je dalje analizirano. Klonovi su se međusobno značajno razlikovali u odnosu na kapacitet rastenja i bočnog grananja. Klon C2 je imao najveću biomasu (20.6 g L-1), kao i najveći broj bočnih korenova (37 ± 2.2). Prisustvo stranih gena u klonovima transgenih korenova je potvrđeno GUS eseja i PCR analize. Transgeni korenovi su dobijeni prvi put kod Impatiens hawkerii Bull. i pokazuju značajne razlike u morfologiji i parametrima rastenja.Projekat ministarstva br. TR-2301

Virus elimination from ornamental plants using in vitro culture techniques

Viruses are responsible for numerous epidemics in different crops in all parts of the world. As a consequence of their presence great economic losses are being incurred. In addition to the development of sensitive techniques for detection, identification and characterization of viruses, substantial attention has also been paid to biotechnological methods for their elimination from plants. In this review article, the following biotechnological in vitro culture techniques for virus elimination from ornamental plants are presented: meristem culture, thermotherapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy or a combination of these methods. The plant species, as well as the type of virus determine the choice of a most suitable method. The state of the art in investigation of virus elimination from Impatiens sp. in Serbia is summarized.Virusi su odgovorni za brojne epidemije na različitim usevima u svim delovima sveta. Posledica njihovog prisustva su velike ekonomske štete, pa osim razvoju osetljivih tehnika za detekciju, identifikaciju i karakterizaciju virusa, velika pažnja se poklanja i biotehnološkim metodama za njihovu eliminaciju. U ovom preglednom radu predstavljene su tehnike in vitro kulture za eliminaciju virusa iz biljnog materijala: kultura meristema, termoterapija, hemoterapija, krioterapija ili kombinacija ovih metoda. Koja će metoda biti primenjena zavisi od biljne vrste, kao i od vrste virusa. U radu je dat pregled istraživanja na eliminaciji virusa iz Impatiens sp. u Srbiji.Projekat ministarstva br. TR-31019 and III4300

Efficient genetic transformation of Impatiens hawkerii Bull. (Balsamiaceae) using agrobacterium rhizogenes

Transformation of Impatiens hawkerii Bull. mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS was studied. Hairy roots developed 10 days after inoculation were excised from the shoot explants and transferred onto Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium lacking plant growth regulators. More than 20 hairy root clones were established and eight of them were further analyzed. Each clone differed significantly from the others in growth capacity and lateral branching. Clone C2 showed the highest biomass (20.6 g L-1) as well as the highest number of lateral roots (37 ± 2.2). The transgenic nature of the established hairy root clones was confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis. In conclusion, hairy roots were developed for the first time in I. hawkerii Bull., and transgenic hairy root clones showed a distinct morphological nature and growth patterns.Proučavana je genetička transformacija Impatiens hawkerii Bull. posredstvom Agrobacterium rhizogenes soja A4M70GUS. Deset dana posle inokulacije formirali su se transgeni korenovi na eksplantatima izdanaka, a zatim gajeni na Murashige and Skoog's (MS) osnovnoj hranljivoj podlozi bez biljnih regulatora rastenja. Uspostavljene su kulture više od 20 klonova, a 8 je dalje analizirano. Klonovi su se međusobno značajno razlikovali u odnosu na kapacitet rastenja i bočnog grananja. Klon C2 je imao najveću biomasu (20.6 g L-1), kao i najveći broj bočnih korenova (37 ± 2.2). Prisustvo stranih gena u klonovima transgenih korenova je potvrđeno GUS eseja i PCR analize. Transgeni korenovi su dobijeni prvi put kod Impatiens hawkerii Bull. i pokazuju značajne razlike u morfologiji i parametrima rastenja.Projekat ministarstva br. TR-2301

Enhanced microwave synthesis of polyaniline nanomaterials

Energy- and time-efficient enhanced microwave syntheses (EMS) of polyaniline (PANI) have been carried out. The GPC results showed that the molecular weight of the microwave-generated materials depends on the applied microwave power. FTIR spectroscopies confirmed the formation of PANI. The presence of a mixed morphology with the prevalence of nanofibers with different aspect ratios is confirmed through SEM. The conductivity of the samples (ca. 3-3.5 S cm-1) is found to be relatively independent on the microwave power levels. The fact that the molecular weight depends on the power means that this approach can be fine-tuned to optimize conditions for a specific material using different power levels

Virus elimination from ornamental plants using in vitro culture techniques

Viruses are responsible for numerous epidemics in different crops in all parts of the world. As a consequence of their presence great economic losses are being incurred. In addition to the development of sensitive techniques for detection, identification and characterization of viruses, substantial attention has also been paid to biotechnological methods for their elimination from plants. In this review article, the following biotechnological in vitro culture techniques for virus elimination from ornamental plants are presented: meristem culture, thermotherapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy or a combination of these methods. The plant species, as well as the type of virus determine the choice of a most suitable method. The state of the art in investigation of virus elimination from Impatiens sp. in Serbia is summarized.Virusi su odgovorni za brojne epidemije na različitim usevima u svim delovima sveta. Posledica njihovog prisustva su velike ekonomske štete, pa osim razvoju osetljivih tehnika za detekciju, identifikaciju i karakterizaciju virusa, velika pažnja se poklanja i biotehnološkim metodama za njihovu eliminaciju. U ovom preglednom radu predstavljene su tehnike in vitro kulture za eliminaciju virusa iz biljnog materijala: kultura meristema, termoterapija, hemoterapija, krioterapija ili kombinacija ovih metoda. Koja će metoda biti primenjena zavisi od biljne vrste, kao i od vrste virusa. U radu je dat pregled istraživanja na eliminaciji virusa iz Impatiens sp. u Srbiji.Projekat ministarstva br. TR-31019 and III4300

Automation of the Production of Radiopharmaceutical with the Aim to Reduce the Operator's Radiation Dose

Laboratorija za radioizotope Instituta Vinča je jedinstven centar u regionu koji poseduje Rešenja Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije i Direktorata za radijacionu i nuklearnu sigurnost i bezbednost Srbije za proizvodnju radiofarmaceutika. Radiofarmaceutik koji se proizvodi više od 40 godina u Laboratoriji za radioizotope, a primenjuje u terapiji tumora štitaste žlezde, kao i hipertireozi su kapsule natrijum-jodida (I-131). Radijacioni efekti I-131 na ćelije štitaste žlezde potiču od beta-zračenja koje emituje I-131 tokom radioaktivnog raspada u samoj štitastoj žlezdi jer se I-131 nakon oralne primene nakuplja prvenstveno u štitastoj žlezdi u kojoj ima dugu retenciju. Za efikasnu terapiju, ali u isto vreme u cilju smanjenja izloženosti nepotrebnim dozama, za svakog pacijenta određuje se odgovarajuća doza I-131 koju je neophodno da primi, odnosno primenjuje se tzv. personalizovana terapija. U radu je opisan postupak proizvodnje kapsula I-131 u Laboratoriji za radioizotope putem manuelnog punjenja kapsula rastvorom I-131, kao i osnovni zahtevi koje je neophodno da sistem za automatsku proizvodnju radiofarmaceutika ispuni, a to su pre svih, odgovarajuća zaštita operatera od zračenja, jednostavna upotreba i kompjuterska kontrola.The Laboratory for radioisotopes of the Vinča Institute is a unique center in the region with licences of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia and the Directorate for Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security of Serbia for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. Sodium iodide (I-131) capsules are radiopharmaceuticals that have been produced for more than 40 years in the Laboratory for Radioisotopes, and are used in the treatment of tumors of thyroid gland, as well as in hyperthyroidism. The radiation effects of I-131 on thyroid cells originate from beta-radiation emitted by I-131 during radioactive decay in the thyroid gland itself because I-131 after oral administration accumulates primarily in the thyroid gland where it has a long retention. For the effective therapy, but at the same time in order to reduce exposure to unnecessary high doses, the appropriate dose of I-131 is determined for each patient, in the so-called personalized therapy. The paper describes the current procedure for the production of I-131 capsules in the Laboratory for Radioisotopes by manually filling the capsules with I-131 solution and the basic requirements for design the system for automating the production of radiopharmaceuticals, which above all must provide adequate protection for the operator from radiation, must be user friendly and computer-controlled.XXXII Simpozijum Društva za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore, 4-6. oktobar 2023; Budva, Crna GoraProceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11602