Septic Pelvic Thrombophlebitis: Diagnosis and Management

Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis (SPT) was initially diagnosed and described in the late 1800's. The entity had a high incidence and mortality during this period of time, and a surgical therapeutic approach was the treatment of choice. Since then, the diagnosis, incidence, and management of the entity evolved. This evolution followed the development of newer diagnostic tools such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. The treatment of SPT has had significant changes as well, from a surgical approach at the end of the 19th century to a medical approach after the 1960's. By using an adequate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, mortality has decreased. However, controversy in the management of this entity remains even till today

Four essays on the 1994 Mexican crisis

Most of the thesis is devoted to studying the collapse of the Mexican peso in December 1994 using empirical methods that allow shifts in regimes, as well as a small theoretical model based on the escape clause approach. Also, we present a study of the consumption boom observed in Mexico in the period 1989-1994 to highlight the importance of taking into account structural breaks in co-integration modelling. We use a series of realignment expectations, as well as linear and non-linear methods, to look for evidence that helps to characterise the Mexican crisis. Contrary to the predictions of first-generation models of currency crises, we find that the credibility of the peso did not experience any steady deterioration before its devaluation, and there was no stable relationship between realignment expectations and economic fundamentals. By using a Markov-switching regression model, we show that realignment expectations shifted over time between regimes of relatively high and low credibility, and that these shifts were more frequent during the troubled 1994. This evidence makes it problematic to endorse explanations of the collapse of the peso based on models of speculative attacks, and suggests using the approach of second-generation models of currency crises to study the Mexican experience. The theoretical model is designed to illustrate some specific features of the Mexican experience. We argue that the substitution of peso denominated assets for dollar denominated and indexed assets in investors’ portfolios helped policymakers to resist recurrent periods of confidence crisis during 1994, but it also made it more difficult to eliminate a potential self-fulfilling devaluation. In particular, the sterilisation of reserve losses during 1994 seems to be more important in the onset of the devaluation of the peso than the increase in the stock of dollar indexed bonds. We use an index of pressure in the foreign exchange market and mean-variance Markov- switching models to study the timing and causes of the shifts of the Mexican economy between states of calm and crisis. Models with time-varying transition probabilities do not yield conclusive results. Hence, we adopt a two step approach to obtain the probability of the state of crisis at each date in the sample, and then model this series as a function of economic fundamentals and political events. We find that the reduction of the debt-output ratio and positive political events maintained the economy in the state of calm up to 1994, despite a continuous real appreciation of the peso. However, the end of the declining path of the debt-output ratio and negative political shocks produced a shift towards the state of crisis for most of 1994 that finally led to the collapse of the peso. The study of the consumption boom observed in Mexico in the period 1989-1994 illustrates that structural breaks in long run relationships can be dated and evaluated if we allow regime shifts in co-integration modelling. The available data rejects a stable co-integration relationship between consumption and income. Meanwhile, using Markov- switching models, we find that there was a marked shift in the co-integration vector after the implementation of the program for stabilisation and economic reform in December 1987. The program caused the former unitary income elasticity of consumption to increase by almost 30 per cent, but later the shift was reversed when the currency and financial crisis erupted at the end of 1994

INDEX SEMINUM - RESERVA FLORESTAL DE LINHARES ESPÍRITO SANTO - BRASIL

Objetiva o fomento e o intercâmbio de sementes florestais e é apresentada uma relação das espécies que ocorrem na Reserva Florestal de Unhares, localizada no norte do estado do Espírito Santo

MANEJO FLORESTAL NO BAIXO AMAZONAS

Em função da política energética nacional adotada, a Mineração Rio do Norte (MRN), através da Florestas Rio Doce S.A. (FRDSA), desenvolve pesquisas na área florestal com o objetivo de obter um sistema silvicultural eficiente para substituir o uso do petróleo (óleo bruto) na secagem da bauxita. Diante destas condições e reconhecendo o potencial florestal da região, foi instalado um estudo sobre manejo florestal sustentado em 1985, com o objetivo de produzir lenha e madeira para serraria em condições auto-sustentada. Neste ensaio são testados diferentes níveis de exploração florestal, e este artigo relata os resultados obtidos nas atividades de exploração inicial e os incrementos em área basal (m2/ha), número de árvores (N/ha) e número de espécies (S) em quatro anos de acompanhamento (1985-1989)

MANEJO FLORESTAL EM FLORESTA SECUNDÁRIA DE TRANSIÇÃO

Como parte do programa de pesquisada empresa, envolvendo sistemas silviculturais, este projeto foi instalado em 1986para conhecer a produção de uma floresta tropical secundária de transição. O ensaio foi instalado no município de Rio Vermelho, no estado de Minas Gerais, em uma área pertencente à Florestas Rio Doce S.A. O objetivo é identificar um sistema e o ciclo de interferências para atingir uma produção auto-sustentada de lenha e madeira para serraria. Quatro tratamentos foram testados com quatro repetições em uma floresta de formação predominantemente secundária (floresta secundária com cerca de 15 anos). Cada tratamento consistiu em um grau diferente de utilização florestal, que variou do corte raso até cortes seletivos. Na testemunha não foi realizado nenhum corte e um inventário florestal foi realizado antes e depois da exploração, em 1988 e 1990, em todas as parcelas. Em cada parcela experimental, todas as árvores com CAP acima de 15,7 cm foram mensuradas. Mudas da regeneração natural foram quantificadas em cada parcela. Todas as árvores foram identificadas pelo nome popular e científico. Nenhum dos tratamentos resultou em madeira para serraria, porém, acredita-se que na próxima intervenção haverá produção para esta finalidade. O volume do tratamento mais produtivo foi de 191,08 st/ha e, após quatro anos de observação, o número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e número de espécies (S) foram analisados estaticamente

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO ENHANCE TENDERNESS AND VALUE OF MEAT

A method of enhancing the tenderness of meat for animal or human consumption by treatment of pre-rigor muscle with the compositions of the invention. It has been found that other quality meat traits can also be enhanced with the method of the invention

Log canonical thresholds of Del Pezzo Surfaces in characteristic p

The global log canonical threshold of each non-singular complex del Pezzo surface was computed by Cheltsov. The proof used Koll\'ar-Shokurov's connectedness principle and other results relying on vanishing theorems of Kodaira type, not known to be true in finite characteristic. We compute the global log canonical threshold of non-singular del Pezzo surfaces over an algebraically closed field. We give algebraic proofs of results previously known only in characteristic $0$. Instead of using of the connectedness principle we introduce a new technique based on a classification of curves of low degree. As an application we conclude that non-singular del Pezzo surfaces in finite characteristic of degree lower or equal than $4$ are K-semistable.Comment: 21 pages. Thorough rewrite following referee's suggestions. To be published in Manuscripta Mathematic

Control of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, a neglected disease: results of a control programme in Satipo Province, Peru.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is an important health problem in many rural areas of Latin America, but there are few data on the results of programmatic approaches to control the disease. We report the results of a control programme in San Martin de Pangoa District, which reports one of the highest prevalences of MCL in Peru. For 2 years (2001--2002), the technicians at the health post were trained in patient case management, received medical support and were supplied with antimonials. An evaluation after 2 years showed the following main achievements: better diagnosis of patients, who were confirmed by microscopy in 34% (82/240) of the cases in 2001 and 60% of the cases (153/254) in 2002; improved follow-up during treatment: 237 of 263 (90%) patients who initiated an antimonial therapy ended the full treatment course; improved follow-up after treatment: 143 of 237 (60%) patients who ended their full treatment were correctly monitored during the required period of 6 (cutaneous cases) or 12 (mucosal cases) months after the end of treatment. These achievements were largely due to the human and logistical resources made available, the constant availability of medications and the close collaboration between the Ministry of Health, a national research institute and an international non-governmental organization. At the end of this period, the health authorities decided to register a generic brand of sodium stibogluconate, which is now in use. This should allow the treatment of a significant number of additional patients, while saving money to invest in other facets of the case management

EPI-001, A Compound Active against Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Targets Transactivation Unit 5 of the Androgen Receptor

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank J. M. Valverde (IRB) as well as the NMR facilities of the University of Barcelona (CCiT UB) and the Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR, CSIC) for their assistance in, respectively, protein production and NMR. This work was supported by IRB, ICREA (X.S.), Obra Social “la Caixa” (Fellowship to E.D.M. and CancerTec grants to X.S.) MICINN (CTQ2009-08850 to X.S.), MINECO (BIO2012-31043 to X.S.; CTQ2014-56361-P to A.R), Marató de TV3 (102030 to X.S. and 102031 to E.E.P) the COFUND programme of the European Commission (C.T.W.P., A. R. and X.S.), the European Research Council (CONCERT, contract number 648201, to X.S.), the Ramón y Cajal program of MICINN (RYC-2011-07873 to C.W.B.) the Serra Hunter Programme (E.E.P.) and AGAUR (SGR-2014-56RR14 to E.E.P). IRB Barcelona is the recipient of a Severo Ochoa Award of Excellence from MINECO (Government of Spain)Peer reviewedPostprin