The impact of the 1993 Colombian health sector reform on the overall performance of the health system

The 1993 Colombian health reform act, known as Law 100, is an on-going process aimed at implementing substantive changes to universalize coverage and correcting well-documented deficiencies in the health sector. The purpose of this study is to assess to what extent the reform has achieved its goals in terms of four indicators: equity, efficiency, quality, and sustainability by means of implementing Pan American Health Organization\u27s Methodology for Monitoring and Evaluation of Health Sector Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean. This appraisal is a measure of the four indicators in two cross-sections of the population both before and after the reform. Data have been collected from primary and secondary sources including regulatory and steering agencies in Colombia. One of the main achievements of Colombian reform is the establishment of a subsidized system to cover the poorest segment of the population. The system\u27s coverage in social security in health increased from 23% to 57% in the period 1993-1997. The public health insurance agency -the ISS- continues being the largest single insurer due in iv part to unfair competition strategies implemented by the ISS which in turn have increased the cost of health services in that agency. Finances of public hospitals still depend on national budget allocations made by the Ministry of Health. The productivity of human resources is low at all levels of the health system although hospitals have increased their funding from provision of healthcare services. Several studies have documented problems of evasion and underreport of contributions that in the case of self-employees reach 92.6 percent, which threatens the sustainability of the system. In spite of having the highest freedom of choice in Latin America, the Colombian health system evidences low levels of technical quality and client satisfaction. Despite the increases in coverage and efficiency, assessment of quality and sustainability requires future research depending on the maturation of the system, and the concomitant development of data

Evaluación y riesgo financiero en las empresas del sector turístico del Fondo Emprender en La Guajira

Incluye lista de cuadros, de tablas y anexos1. EL PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 1.1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 1.1.1. Formulación del problema 1.1.2. Sistematización del problema 1.2. OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 1.2.1 Objetivo general 1.2.2. Objetivos específicos 1.3. JUSTIFICACIÓN 1.4. DELIMITACIÓN 2. MARCO REFERENCIAL 2.1 ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 2.2. Fundamentos Teóricos 2.3 MARCO CONTEXTUAL 2.3.1. Información sobre el Fondo Emprender 2.3.2. Análisis sector turismo en Colombia. 2.4 MARCO LEGAL 2.4.1 Normatividad relacionada con las pymes y el emprendimiento 2.4.2 Normatividad relacionada con la información contable y financiera 2.4.3 Normatividad relacionada con el turismo 2.5 SISTEMA DE VARIABLES 2.5.1 Definición nominal 2.5.2 Definición Conceptual 2.5.3 Definición Operacional 3.1. ENFOQUE METODOLÓGICO 3.2. TIPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN 3.3. DISEÑO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 3.4. FUENTES DE RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS 3.4.1. Fuentes de información primaria 3.4.2. Fuentes de información secundaria 3.5. POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA 3.5.1. Población 3.5.2. Muestra 3.5.3. Muestreo 3.7. VALIDEZ Y CONFIABILIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO DE RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS 3.7.2. Confiabilidad del instrumento 3.8. PROCEDIMIENTO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 3.9. ANÁLISIS DE LOS DATOS 4. RESULTADOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 4.1. EVALUACIÓN FINANCIERA 4.1.1. Dimensión criterios de evaluación financiera 4.1.2. Dimensión indicadores financieros 4.2. VARIABLE RIESGO FINANCIERO 4.2.1. Dimensión tipos de riesgos financieros 4.2.2. Dimensión política de administración de riesgos 4.3. CORRELACIÓN DE LAS VARIABLES 4.4. LINEAMIENTOS PARA LA EVALUACIÓN Y RIESGO FINANCIERO EN LAS EMPRESAS DEL SECTOR TURÍSTICO DEL FONDO EMPRENDER EN LA GUAJIRA 4.4.1. Objetivo estratégico 4.4.2. Objetivo propositivo 4.4.3. Alcance 4.4.4. Lineamientos 4.4.5. Desarrollo de los lineamientos 4.4.6. Factibilidad de la propuesta CONCLUSIONES RECOMENDACIONES REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.MaestríaMagíster en Finanza

6TOC model for small wood furniture companies to increase machining productivity in Villa El Salvador industrial cluster

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.This research article focuses on the application of the main engineering tools in the wood furniture manufacturing sector. It uses as an information source furniture companies of the industrial park of Villa El Salvador. Its objective is to implement 6TOC methodology based on LEAN philosophy, Six Sigma and restrictions theory, focusing on improvements to the bottleneck. Defines the product design as an ideal input for the planning and development of activities. Start to know the work environment: stations and functions, machines and tools, plant layout and ergonomics in order to increase productivity. Application of tools level operations for planning, control and execution of production. Resulted in the GDP in the year 2017 increased by 2.2%. However, the manufacturing sector of goods decreased by 5.5%, that is, it impairs GDP growth, since the wood and furniture industry, which had an aggregate gross manufacturing value of −19.9%