7 research outputs found
Активизация инвестиционной деятельности коммерческими банками
В статье рассмотрены основные вопросы активизации инвестиционной деятельности коммерческими банками Украины.У статті розглядаються основні питання активізації інвестиційної діяльності комерційними банками України.The main questions of the investment activity by the commercial banks of Ukraine were descried in the article
Архетип свобода у контексті французької політичної теорії та історії
Розглянуто сучасні підходи щодо аналізу політичної ментальності. У межах політологічного аналізу окреслено коло проблем, які потребують вирішення з використанням підходів психології. Зроблено висновок про те, що архетип “свобода” становить важливий елемент політичної ментальності французів.Modern approaches of analysis of political mentality are considered. Within the limits of political science analysis outlined circle of problems which need decision with the use of approaches of psychology. A conclusion is done that archetype freedom makes the important element of political mentality of French’s
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of osteocytes treated with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates
Epitope-distal Effects Accompany the Binding of Two Distinct Antibodies to Hepatitis B Virus Capsids
Infection
of humans by hepatitis B virus (HBV) induces the copious
production of antibodies directed against the capsid protein (Cp).
A large variety of anticapsid antibodies have been identified that
differ in their epitopes. These data, and the status of the capsid
as a major clinical antigen, motivate studies to achieve a more detailed
understanding of their interactions. In this study, we focused on
the Fab fragments of two monoclonal antibodies, E1 and 3120. E1 has
been shown to bind to the side of outward-protruding spikes whereas
3120 binds to the “floor” region of the capsid, between
spikes. We used hydrogen–deuterium exchange coupled to mass
spectrometry (HDX-MS) to investigate the effects on HBV capsids of
binding these antibodies. Conventionally, capsids loaded with saturating
amounts of Fabs would be too massive to be readily amenable to HDX-MS.
However, by focusing on the Cp protein, we were able to acquire deuterium
uptake profiles covering the entire 149-residue sequence and reveal,
in localized detail, changes in H/D exchange rates accompanying antibody
binding. We find increased protection of the known E1 and 3120 epitopes
on the capsid upon binding and show that regions distant from the
epitopes are also affected. In particular, the α2a helix (residues
24–34) and the mobile C-terminus (residues 141–149)
become substantially less solvent-exposed. Our data indicate that
even at substoichiometric antibody binding an overall increase in
the rigidity of the capsid is elicited, as well as a general dampening
of its breathing motions
Sizing up large protein complexes by electrospray ionisation-based electrophoretic mobility and native mass spectrometry : morphology selective binding of Fabs to hepatitis B virus capsids
The capsid of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major viral antigen and important diagnostic indicator. HBV capsids have prominent protrusions ('spikes') on their surface and are unique in having either T = 3 or T = 4 icosahedral symmetry. Mouse monoclonal and also human polyclonal antibodies bind either near the spike apices (historically the 'α-determinant') or in the 'floor' regions between them (the 'β-determinant'). Native mass spectrometry (MS) and gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (GEMMA) were used to monitor the titration of HBV capsids with the antigen-binding domain (Fab) of mAb 3120, which has long defined the β-determinant. Both methods readily distinguished Fab binding to the two capsid morphologies and could provide accurate masses and dimensions for these large immune complexes, which range up to ~8 MDa. As such, native MS and GEMMA provide valuable alternatives to a more time-consuming cryo-electron microscopy analysis for preliminary characterisation of virus-antibody complexes