Dloop_Hap_Seq

Haplotype sequence

Dsu Microsatellite

STR Dat

Polymorphisms of the Toll-Like Receptor 2 of Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) may be Associated with Somatic Cell Count in Milk

<p>Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays an important role in recognition by the innate immune system of Gram-positive bacteria. As Gram-positive bacteria cause mastitis, we examined variations in the region of the TLR2 gene that codes for the extracellular domain. Samples of forty goats from a single dairy herd were collected, half with low SCC (≤200,000 cells/mL), and half with higher SCC. Two synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified: 840G > A and 1083A > G. One nonsynonymous SNP 739G > A was identified. This coded for valine or isoleucine, which have similar physiochemical properties, and was not in a region coding for a known functional domain. Surprisingly, the least square mean SCC of the heterozygous goats (146,220) was significantly lower than the SCC of homozygous GG goats (537,700; p = 0.004), although these two groups were similar in days in milk (p = 0.984), and there was no significant difference by breed (p = 0.941). Because factors other than mastitis can affect SCC and our sample sizes were limited, additional studies are needed to corroborate an association between TLR2 genotype and SCC or mastitis in goats.</p

Mitogenomic sequences support a north–south subspecies subdivision within <i>Solenodon paradoxus</i>

<p>Solenodons are insectivores found only in Hispaniola and Cuba, with a Mesozoic divergence date versus extant mainland mammals. Solenodons are the oldest lineage of living eutherian mammal for which a mitogenome sequence has not been reported. We determined complete mitogenome sequences for six Hispaniolan solenodons (<i>Solenodon paradoxus</i>) using next-generation sequencing. The solenodon mitogenomes were 16,454–16,457 bp long and carried the expected repertoire of genes. A mitogenomic phylogeny confirmed the basal position of solenodons relative to shrews and moles, with solenodon mitogenomes estimated to have diverged from those of other mammals ca. 78 Mya. Control region sequences of solenodons from the northern (<i>n</i> = 3) and southern (<i>n</i> = 5) Dominican Republic grouped separately in a network, with <i>F</i>_ST = 0.72 (<i>p</i> = 0.036) between north and south. This regional genetic divergence supports previous morphological and genetic reports recognizing northern (<i>S. p. paradoxus</i>) and southern (<i>S. p. woodi</i>) subspecies in need of separate conservation plans.</p