Використання event-маркетингу в плануванні діяльності ТОВ «Микулинецький Бровар»

Акцентується увага на необхідності створення маркетингового плану для будь-якого підприємства, незалежно від форми власності та розмірів. Розглянуто сутність event - маркетингу та запропоновано event - заходи для реалізації маркетингового плану ТОВ«Мукулинецький Бровар»Accentuates the need to create a marketing plan for any enterprise, regardless of firm size. The essence of event - and proposed marketing event - measures to implement a marketing plan Ltd. Mukulynetskyy Brova

A RT-qPCR system using a degenerate probe for specific identification and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants of concern

Fast surveillance strategies are needed to control the spread of new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and gain time for evaluation of their pathogenic potential. This was essential for the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) that replaced the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) and is currently the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant circulating worldwide. RT-qPCR strategies complement whole genome sequencing, especially in resource lean countries, but mutations in the targeting primer and probe sequences of new emerging variants can lead to a failure of the existing RT-qPCRs. Here, we introduced an RT-qPCR platform for detecting the Delta- and the Omicron variant simultaneously using a degenerate probe targeting the key ΔH69/V70 mutation in the spike protein. By inclusion of the L452R mutation into the RT-qPCR platform, we could detect not only the Delta and the Omicron variants, but also the Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5. The RT-qPCR platform was validated in small- and large-scale. It can easily be incorporated for continued monitoring of Omicron sub-lineages, and offers a fast adaption strategy of existing RT-qPCRs to detect new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants using degenerate probes.</p

Improved T cell receptor antigen pairing through data-driven filtering of sequencing information from single cells

Novel single-cell-based technologies hold the promise of matching T cell receptor (TCR) sequences with their cognate peptide-MHC recognition motif in a high-throughput manner. Parallel capture of TCR transcripts and peptide-MHC is enabled through the use of reagents labeled with DNA barcodes. However, analysis and annotation of such single-cell sequencing (SCseq) data are challenged by dropout, random noise, and other technical artifacts that must be carefully handled in the downstream processing steps. We here propose a rational, data-driven method termed ITRAP (improved T cell Receptor Antigen Paring) to deal with these challenges, filtering away likely artifacts, and enable the generation of large sets of TCR-pMHC sequence data with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity, thus outputting the most likely pMHC target per T cell. We have validated this approach across 10 different virus-specific T cell responses in 16 healthy donors. Across these samples, we have identified up to 1494 high-confident TCR-pMHC pairs derived from 4135 single cells

Single-dose administration of clenbuterol is detectable in dried blood spots

Clenbuterol is a beta(2)-agonist prescribed for asthmatic patients in some countries. Based on its anabolic and lipolytic effects observed in studies on rodents and in livestock destined for food production, clenbuterol is abused by bodybuilders and athletes seeking leanness. Urinary clenbuterol analysis is part of routine doping analysis. However, the collection of urine samples is time-consuming and can be intimidating for athletes. Dried blood spot (DBS) appears attractive as an alternative matrix, but the detectability of clenbuterol in humans through DBS has not been investigated. This study evaluated if clenbuterol could be detected in DBS and urine collected from six healthy men after oral intake of 80 mu g clenbuterol. The DBS and urine samples were collected at 0, 3, 8, 24, and 72 h post-ingestion, with additional urine collections on days 7 and 10. Using LC-MS/MS, it was shown that clenbuterol could be detected in all DBS samples for 24 h post-ingestion and with 50% sensitivity 3 days after ingestion. The DBS method was 100% specific. Evaluation of analyte stability showed that clenbuterol is stable in DBS for at least 365 days at room temperature when using desiccant and avoiding light exposure. In urine, clenbuterol was detectable for at least 7-10 days after ingestion. Urinary clenbuterol concentrations below 5 ng/mL were present in some subjects 24 h after administration. Collectively, these data indicate that DBS are suitable for routine doping control analysis of clenbuterol with a detection window of at least 3 days after oral administration of 80 mu g

Beta₂-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation, and induces mTOR phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of young healthy men

Clenbuterol is a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist marketed as an asthma reliever but isnot approved for human use in most countries due to concerns of adverse cardiaceffects. Given its demonstrated hypertrophic and lipolytic actions in rodents,clenbuterol is one of the most widely abused doping substances amongt athletes andrecreational body-builders seeking leanness. Herein, we examined the effect ofclenbuterol ingestion on metabolic rate as well as skeletal muscle mammalian targetof rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and protein kinase A (PKA)-signaling in sixyoung men. Before and 140 min after ingestion of 80 μg clenbuterol, resting metabolic rate and contractile function of the quadriceps muscle were measured, andblood samples as well as vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected. Clenbuterolincreased resting energy expenditure by 21% (P P = 0.006), whereas carbohydrate oxidation was unchanged. Phosphorylation ofmTORSer2448 and PKA substrates increased by 121% (P = 0.004) and 35%(P = 0.006), respectively, with clenbuterol. Maximal voluntary contraction torquedecreased by 4% (P = 0.026) and the half-relaxation time shortened by 9%(P = 0.046), while voluntary activation, time to peak twitch, and peak twitch torquedid not change significantly with clenbuterol. Glycogen content of the vastus lateralismuscle did not change with clenbuterol. Clenbuterol increased circulating levels ofglucose (+30%; P P = 0.004), insulin (+130%; P = 0.009), andfatty acids (+180%; P = 0.001). Collectively, these findings indicate that clenbuterol isan efficient thermogenic substance that possibly also exerts muscle hypertrophicactions in humans. For these reasons, the restrictions imposed against clenbuterol incompetitive sports seem warranted