Miliary pulmonary tuberculosis after the first dose of intravesical BCG instillation in a patient with high-grade bladder cancer

A 62 years old patient, who was diagnosed with high-grade T1 (T1HG) bladder cancer, after transurethral resection (TURB) (February 2018) and re-TURB (March 2018), with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease and three percutaneous coronary interventions was admitted to the Urology Department [...

Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy guided by endobronchial ultrasound radial miniprobe in interstitial lung diseases : preliminary results of a prospective study

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Renal interstitial mast cell counts differ across classes of proliferative lupus nephritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus frequently involves the kidneys leading to significant morbidity and mortality. It is classified according to glomerular involvement pattern but tubulointerstitial lesions are also important for progression and prognosis, as seen in other kidney glomerular diseases. One of the cell types which participate in this process are mast cells. The aim of the study was to analyze the counts of tryptase-positive and chymase-positive mast cells in lupus nephritis classes II, III and IV. Material consisted of 42 renal biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis; 11 class II, 9 class III and 22 class IV. Chymase- and tryptase-containing cells were stained by immunohistochemistry and counted microscopically. Mean count of chymase-positive mast cells was 9.8/10 high power fields (hpf) for the whole group, 4.66 for class II, 11.89 for class III, and 11.51 for class IV. The mean count of tryptase-positive cells was 18.6/10 hpf for the whole group, 7.65 for class II, 25.57 for class III, and 21.23 for class IV. The differences between lupus nephritis classes were significant both for chymase- and tryptase-positive cells. Tryptase- but not chymase-positive cell counts showed a correlation with the creatinine level (R = 0.35). These results suggest that mast cells are involved to a different degree in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis depending on the class of the disease

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Assessment of IGF-I as a potential local mitogen and antiapoptotic cytokine.

Little is known about IGF-I expression in the alveolar lymphocytes (AL), and about local role of IGF-I in physiological conditions and in interstitial lung diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage was carried out in patients with silicosis, asbestosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis, as well as in control subjects (n = 13, 9, 12, 56, 15, resp). Alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes (AL) were studied for (1) IGF-I, BCL-2, Fas and Fas Ligand expression and (2) cell cycle (incl. sub-G1 peak of late apoptosis) with propidium iodide (PI). Flow cytometry (FC) and immunocytochemistry were used. AL early apoptosis was detected by Annexin V FITC/PI staining. IGF-I was present in AL of all tested groups. The number of IGF-I positive AL was significantly higher in IPF (52 +/- 6.7%) and in later (II and III) stages of sarcoidosis (39 +/- 7.8 vs 16 +/- 4.0% in controls, p < 0.05). Increased BCL-2 expression in AL was detected in IPF and sarcoidosis. In all tested groups, AL were almost exclusively Fas+ T cells. Generally, a low number of AL entered apoptosis; no significant differences were found between patient groups, except decreased apoptosis rate in sarcoidosis (0.60 +/- 0.17 vs 1.15 +/- 0.33% in controls, p < 0.05). Proportion of AL positive for IGF-I was significantly correlated with parameters reflecting AL and AM cell proliferation and BCL-2 expression (e.g. AL IGF-I+ vs AM in S phase of cell cycle: r(S) = +0.50, p = 0.001), but not with apoptosis. The results show that human alveolar lymphocytes express IGF-I in normal conditions, as well as in ILD. The proportion of IGF-I+ lymphocytes was significantly increased in IPF and at later stages of sarcoidosis. In our material there was no evidence for profibrogenic or antiapoptotic activity of IGF-I. We suggest that IGF-I originating from AL may be locally active as a mitogen for alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in ILD

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) : assessment of IGF-I as a potential local mitogen and antiapoptotic cytokine

Little is known about IGF-I expression in the alveolar lymphocytes (AL), and about local role of IGF-I in physiological conditions and in interstitial lung diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage was carried out in patients with silicosis, asbestosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis, as well as in control subjects (n = 13, 9, 12, 56, 15, resp). Alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes (AL) were studied for (1) IGF-I, BCL-2, Fas and Fas Ligand expression and (2) cell cycle (incl. sub-G1 peak of late apoptosis) with propidium iodide (PI). Flow cytometry (FC) and immunocytochemistry were used. AL early apoptosis was detected by Annexin V FITC/PI staining. IGF-I was present in AL of all tested groups. The number of IGF-I positive AL was significantly higher in IPF (52 +/- 6.7%) and in later (II and III) stages of sarcoidosis (39 +/- 7.8 vs 16 +/- 4.0% in controls, p &lt; 0.05). Increased BCL-2 expression in AL was detected in IPF and sarcoidosis. In all tested groups, AL were almost exclusively Fas+ T cells. Generally, a low number of AL entered apoptosis; no significant differences were found between patient groups, except decreased apoptosis rate in sarcoidosis (0.60 +/- 0.17 vs 1.15 +/- 0.33% in controls, p &lt; 0.05). Proportion of AL positive for IGF-I was significantly correlated with parameters reflecting AL and AM cell proliferation and BCL-2 expression (e.g. AL IGF-I+ vs AM in S phase of cell cycle: r(S) = +0.50, p = 0.001), but not with apoptosis. The results show that human alveolar lymphocytes express IGF-I in normal conditions, as well as in ILD. The proportion of IGF-I+ lymphocytes was significantly increased in IPF and at later stages of sarcoidosis. In our material there was no evidence for profibrogenic or antiapoptotic activity of IGF-I. We suggest that IGF-I originating from AL may be locally active as a mitogen for alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in ILD