Pilot Interprofessional Education Program for OT Student Pediatric Practice Readiness

This mixed methods pilot study investigated the impact of an interprofessional education program on OT student readiness for collaboration with SLP students in a pediatric teaching-clinic practice setting. OT students were randomly assigned to either the treatment group, which received the interprofessional education experience, or the control group, which received the typical educational experience. Students completed pre and post surveys and journaled about the experience. Results pointed to a ceiling effect in the measurement scales in both the treatment and control groups due to positive attitudes at baseline. This positivity was also reflected in journal entries for the treatment group students. Several insights were gained through data analysis about the feasibility of this type of program, the usefulness of available measuring tools for detecting change in small samples, and the developmental progression of interprofessional skills attainment

Human Tissue Kallikreins in Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma: A Polymerase Chain Reaction and Immunohistochemical Study

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the second most common malignant salivary gland tumour of minor salivary glands. Human tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are a family of highly conserved serine proteases expressed by various tissues and organs. The literature demonstrates a link between KLKs and salivary gland neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of KLK mRNA in tissue samples of PAC and to determine if KLK expression is limited to tumour cells. Nineteen cases of PAC were reviewed (1987–2013). The diagnosis was confirmed, demographic data was collected, and formalin fixed paraffin-embedded PAC and normal salivary gland tissue samples were obtained. RNA isolation was achieved, followed by conversion to complementary DNA via reverse transcription. Using PCR, the quantitative level of expression of KLKs1–15 was recorded. Samples exhibiting high and low KLK expression were selected for immunohistochemistry staining. Results revealed a statistically significant increase in mean KLK mRNA expression for KLK1, KLK4, KLK10, KLK12 and KLK15 in PAC tissue samples, compared with normal salivary gland tissue (Mann–Whitney U test, p \u3c 0.05). Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that KLKs were present in tumor cells. Notably, all samples demonstrating relatively higher KLK mRNA expression showed equivalent or increased staining scores relative to the low KLK mRNA expression samples. In conclusion, there appears to be aberrant kallikrein expression in polymorphous adenocarcinoma, suggesting the possibility of a kallikrein cascade influence on tumor development and progression

Lorentz contraction, Bell's spaceships, and rigid body motion in special relativity

The meaning of Lorentz contraction in special relativity and its connection with Bell's spaceships parable is discussed. The motion of Bell's spaceships is then compared with the accelerated motion of a rigid body. We have tried to write this in a simple form that could be used to correct students' misconceptions due to conflicting earlier treatments.Comment: Modified the discussion in Sec. 2. This version to be published in European Journal of Physic

Multiple Family Groups to reduce child disruptive behavior difficulties: Moderating effects of child welfare status on child outcomes

Children who remain at home with their permanent caregivers following a child welfare (CW) involvement (e.g., investigation, out-of-home placement) manifest high rates of behavioral difficulties, which is a risk factor for further maltreatment and out-of-home placement if not treated effectively. A recently tested Multiple Family Group (MFG) service delivery model to treat youth Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) has demonstrated effectiveness in improving child behavior difficulties among hard-to-engage, socioeconomically disadvantaged families by addressing parenting skills, parent-child relationships, family communication and organization, social support, and stress. This exploratory study examines whether child behavioral outcomes for MFG differ for families with self-reported lifetime involvement in CW services compared to other families, as families with CW involvement struggle with additional stressors that can diminish treatment success. Youth (aged 7–11) and their families were assigned to MFG or services as usual (SAU) using a block comparison design. Caregivers reported on child behavior, social skills, and functional impairment. Mixed effects regression modeled multilevel outcomes across 4 assessment points (i.e., baseline, mid-test, post-test, 6 month follow-up). Among CW-involved families, MFG participants reported significantly reduced child oppositional defiant disorder symptoms at 6-month follow-up compared with SAU participants. No other differences were found in the effect of MFG treatment between CW and non-CW involved families. Findings suggest that MFG may be as effective in reducing child behavior difficulties for both CW and non-CW involved families. As a short-term, engaging, and efficient intervention, MFG may be a particularly salient service offering for families involved in the CW system

Classical diamagnetism, magnetic interaction energies, and repulsive forces in magnetized plasmas

The Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem is often summarized as saying that there is no classical magnetic susceptibility, in particular no diamagnetism. This is seriously misleading. The theorem assumes position dependent interactions but this is not required by classical physics. Since the work of Darwin in 1920 it has been known that the magnetism due to classical charged point particles can only be described by allowing velocity dependent interactions in the Lagrangian. Legendre transformation to an approximate Hamiltonian can give an estimate of the Darwin diamagnetism for a system of charged point particles. Comparison with experiment, however, requires knowledge of the number of classically behaving electrons in the sample. A new repulsive effective many-body force, which should be relevant in plasmas, is predicted by the Hamiltonian.Comment: added references, revise

The Economic Consequences of Social-Network Structure

We survey the literature on the economic consequences of the structure of social networks. We develop a taxonomy of "macro" and "micro" characteristics of social-interaction networks and discuss both the theoretical and empirical findings concerning the role of those characteristics in determining learning, diffusion, decisions, and resulting behaviors. We also discuss the challenges of accounting for the endogeneity of networks in assessing the relationship between the patterns of interactions and behaviors

Discovering Argumentative Patterns in Energy Polylogues: A Macroscope for Argument Mining

A macroscope is proposed and tested here for the discovery of the unique argumentative footprint that characterizes how a collective (e.g., group, online community) manages differences and pursues disagreement through argument in a polylogue. The macroscope addresses broader analytic problems posed by various conceptualizations of large-scale argument, such as fields, spheres, communities, and institutions. The design incorporates a two-tier methodology for detecting argument patterns of the arguments performed in arguing by an interactive collective that produces views, or topographies, of the ways that issues are generated in the making and defending of standpoints. The design premises for the macroscope build on insights about argument patterns from pragma-dialectical theory by incorporating research and theory on disagreement management and the Argumentum Model of Topics. The design reconceptualizes prototypical and stereotypical argument patterns for characterizing large-scale argumentation. A prototype of the macroscope is tested on data drawn from six threads about oil-drilling and fracking from the subreddit Changemyview. The implementation suggests the efficacy of the macroscope’s design and potential for identifying what communities make controversial and how the disagreement space in a polylogue is managed through stereotypical argument patterns in terms of claims/premises, inferential relations, and presentational devices

Postoperative Hyperoxia (60%) Worsens Hepatic Injury in Mice

AbstractBackground:Liver damage by ischemia and reperfusion injury is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality after liver surgery. Postoperative oxygen treatment is routinely applied in the postanesthesia and intensive care unit after liver surgery. The risks of aggravating the injury by increasing inspiratory oxygen from 21 to 60% in the postoperative period were investigated in mice.Methods:Parameters of liver injury were compared after induction of hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury, by clamping the left liver lobe for 45 min, and reperfusion for 24 h either under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hyperoxic (60% oxygen) conditions (n = 22 per group). The extent of tissue injury and oxidative responses was analyzed in the presence or absence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, functional Kupffer cells, and the p47phox unit of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (n = 6 to 11 per group).Results:Compared with postoperative normoxic conditions, hyperoxia increased cell damage (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase: 1,870 [±968 SD] vs. 60% 2,981 [±1,038 SD], 21 vs. 60% oxygen, in U/l as mean ± SD; P &amp;lt; 0.01), liver weights (341 ± 52 vs. 383 ± 44, 21 vs. 60% oxygen, in mg as mean ± SD; P = 0.02), damage scores (1.9 ± 0.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.0, 21 vs. 60% oxygen, score as mean ± SD; P = 0.02), and reactive oxygen species (15.0 ± 12.0 vs. 30.4 ± 19.2, 21 vs. 60% oxygen, in μmol/l as mean ± SD; P &amp;lt; 0.05). The aggravation of the tissue damaging effects as a result of hyperoxia was not seen in mice with depletions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes or Kupffer cells, or with nonfunctioning nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.Conclusion:Liver injury after ischemia was significantly aggravated by hyperoxia as a consequence of immune cell-mediated oxidative burst. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether routine delivery of high inspirational oxygen concentrations postoperatively should be limited.</jats:sec