Cultural Differences, Behavior and Assimilation: Player Nationality and Penalties in Football.

We examine the impact of a different cultural background on individual behavior, focusing on the aggressiveness level of southern and nothern European football players in the English Premier League. We find that southern European football players collect on average more yellow and red cards as compared to their nothern European colleagues. We also find that the initially more aggressive football violent behavior displayed by southern European players coverges towards the local average, the longer their experience in the Premier League. Altough limited to a particular area in sports, we claim that this change in behavior patterns of immigtants respresents an example of cultural assimilation.

Economic aspects of sports and migration.

nrpages: 178status: publishe

It is harder, not easier, to predict the winner of the Champions League

European Cup football has experienced a major change in format with the introduction of the Champions League in 1992 and a major change in admission rules with direct qualification for multiple teams from the highest ranked leagues in 1999. We show that, in line with popular press reports and other studies, qualification in lower rounds has become more predictable in the Champions League. At the same time, however, outcomes at later stages have become less predictable. We provide evidence and an explanation.status: publishe

Uncertainty of outcome is higher in the Champions League than in the European Cup

© 2014, © The Author(s) 2014. European Cup football has experienced a major change in format with the introduction of the Champions League (CL) in 1992 and a major change in admission rules with direct qualification for multiple teams from the highest ranked leagues in 1999. We show that, in line with popular press reports and other studies, qualification in lower rounds has become more predictable in the CL. At the same time, however, outcomes at later stages have become less predictable. We provide evidence and an explanation.status: publishe

Kosteneffectiviteit als inclusiecriterium voor de nomenclatuur

status: publishe