Emergent Anthropometric Indices in Differential Prediction of Prehypertension and Hypertension in Mexican Population: Results according to Age and Sex

Background. Hypertension (HTN) is recognized as a significant public health problem in the world. The objective of this study is to evaluate emergent anthropometric indices as predictors of preHTN and HTN according to age and sex in a sample of Mexican adults. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,150 participants aged 18-80 years old. Anthropometric data and blood pressure measurements were analyzed. Comparisons between men and women were carried out by independent analysis. Cutoff points for each emergent anthropometric index were obtained using the values' upper second and third tertiles. Logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were used to assess the association and the predictive value of several emergent anthropometric indices with the presence of preHTN and HTN. Results. The prevalence of preHTN and HTN was 29.74% and 14.35%, respectively. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and sex, the body roundness index (BRI) (OR = 2.08, p 40 years old, the predictor indices were W/Ht(3) and W/Ht(2). In women & LE;40 years, the pulse mass index (PMI) was the best main predictor (AUC = 0.909) of HTN. Conclusion. CI, PMI, W/Ht(3), W/Ht(2), and ABSI could represent differential predictors of preHTN and HTN between men and women according to age range

Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en lesiones de tobillo en futbolistas: una revisión sistemática

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was (I) to determine the quality of evidence from studies evaluating the effects of strength training on the incidence of ankle injuries in soccer and (II) to determine the effectiveness of strength training on the incidence of ankle injuries in soccer. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statements were considered using keywords associated with ankle injuries, strength training, and soccer. The following four databases were used: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. The quality of evidence for the articles included in this review was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Of the 721 articles retrieved, two were included in this study. The total population included in the review was 132 male participants, including professional soccer players and youth players. Strength training in young soccer players could reduce the risk of injury and improve parameters related to sports performance; however, the two articles included in this review found no statistically significant differences in injury incidence between the proprioceptive training and control groups. Conclusions: The articles included in this review had a high risk of bias, indicating low quality of evidence. In addition, it was impossible to determine whether strength training effectively reduced ankle injuries in the soccer players.Propósito: El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue (I) determinar la calidad de la evidencia de los estudios que evalúan los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la incidencia de lesiones de tobillo en el fútbol y (II) determinar la efectividad del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la incidencia de las lesiones de tobillo en el fútbol. Métodos: Se consideraron las declaraciones Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) utilizando palabras clave asociadas con lesiones de tobillo, entrenamiento de fuerza y fútbol. Se utilizaron las siguientes cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y SPORTDiscus. La calidad de la evidencia de los artículos incluidos en esta revisión se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro. Resultados: De los 721 artículos recuperados, dos fueron incluidos en este estudio. La población total incluida en la revisión fue de 132 participantes masculinos, incluidos jugadores de fútbol profesionales y jugadores juveniles. El entrenamiento de fuerza en jóvenes futbolistas podría reducir el riesgo de lesión y mejorar parámetros relacionados con el rendimiento deportivo; sin embargo, los dos artículos incluidos en esta revisión no encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la incidencia de lesiones entre los grupos de entrenamiento propioceptivo y control. Conclusiones: Los artículos incluidos en esta revisión tuvieron un alto riesgo de sesgo, lo que indica baja calidad de la evidencia. Además, fue imposible determinar si el entrenamiento de fuerza reducía efectivamente las lesiones de tobillo en los jugadores de fútbol.Recualificación del Profesorado Universitario. Modalidad Margarita SalasUniversity of GranadaMinistry of UniversitiesNext Generation Funds of the European Unio

Muscle Quality Index is inversely associated with psychosocial variables among Chilean adolescents

Universidad de Las Américas under competitive research funds N° PI‑21–2022.A good muscle quality index (MQI) may have an inverse relationship with psychosocial variables of depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents. Unfortunately, little scientific evidence has related MQI to psychosocial variables in this population. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the relationship between the MQI and psychosocial variables of depression, anxiety, and stress in Chilean adolescents. In this quantitative correlational design study, sixty adolescents participated voluntarily (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: age 15.11 ± 1.78 years). Anthropometric parameters, prehensile strength, MQI, and psychosocial variables were evaluated. The results showed that adolescents with high levels of MQI presented lower levels of depression (7.50 ± 6.06 vs. 10.97 ± 5.94), anxiety (5.64 ± 4.81 vs. 9.66 ± 5.12), and stress (6.79 ± 5.09 vs. 10 ± 5.58), in addition to reported lower abdominal obesity (WtHR, 0.47 ± 0.07 vs. 0.52 ± 0.07) than those with low levels of MQI. The group with high levels of MQI reported a higher prevalence of nonanxiety (81.3%, p = 0.031) and a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity (55.8%, p = 0.023). Likewise, a significant inverse association was evidenced between MQI and depression (β; -6.18, 95% CI; -10.11: -2.25, p = 0.003), anxiety (β; -6.61, 95% CI; -9.83: -3.39, p < 0.001) and stress (β; -4.90, 95% CI; -8.49: -1.32 p = 0.008). In conclusion, the results suggest that high levels of MQI are associated with a higher prevalence of nonanxiety in adolescents and a significant inverse association between MQI and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.Universidad de Las Américas, Chile N° PI‑21–202

Sustainable Development Goals and Physical Education. A Proposal for Practice-Based Models

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a global strategy that aims to obtain a more equitable and just world. These objectives are organized into 17 SDGs, detailing 169 targets. Different international institutions have emphasized the relevance of education to developing citizens who contribute to achieving the SDGs for 2030. However, a review focused on physical education (PE) has yet to be performed. Therefore, the objective of this work is two-fold. First, to analyze and select the specific SDGs that can be implemented in the area of physical education. Second, to relate these specific goals to the different models based on physical education practices. This review showed how three institutional documents have previously related sport, physical exercise, and physical education to specific SDGs. Based on the search done, this review article selects those goals that could be integrated into the educational context through physical education. The bibliographic and critical analysis in this research shows that of the 169 specific goals proposed in the SDGs, only 24 could be worked on in physical education. Upon completion of the analysis, a proposal for the relationship between the practice-based models and these 24 goals is presented. The contributions made in this paper will allow teachers to establish links between PE sessions and SDGs while raising awareness to develop students who contribute to a more sustainable world

The Use of a Cooperative-Learning Activity with University Students: A Gender Experience

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) show how education is essential for creating values in students. In particular, SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 5 (gender equality) indicate how co-education should be a sustainable benchmark. Co-educational methodologies have been studied for decades. Among them, cooperative learning is considered a valid technique for developing social relations and competences. This study aims to describe and characterize the gender differences between university students regarding their impressions and behaviors when working cooperatively. One hundred and seventy-seven university students (98 women and 79 men), from Physical Education and Primary Education degree courses, worked with Aronson’s Jigsaw technique. After its completion, they completed a questionnaire to analyze cooperative work in higher education (ACOES). The results are organized into seven dimensions. The main gender differences found show that women gave a higher evaluation to relating cooperative learning to future teaching roles (p = 0.017) and to understanding the need for cooperative tasks (p = 0.035). Additionally, female students prefer groups to be organized according to academic criteria and that they should remain stable throughout the academic period. Both genders value Aronson’s Jigsaw as a good method for developing social competences, although they are more neutral when considering it effective at improving academic performance. These findings help to generate a gender-cooperation profile that will enable future research to discuss results more accurately

Efectos del entrenamiento en slackline sobre la resistencia del core y el equilibrio dinámico

Slackline challenges balance by walking on a tensioned strap, where the trunk muscles help to maintain or regain balance. This study aimed to compare a cohort of individuals who regularly practiced slackline and physically inactive individuals on core endurance (CE) and dynamic balance (DB) and to determine whether CE is associated with years of slackline practice. Nine individuals (7 men) who practiced slackline regularly (SG; age= 24.5±3.6 years) and nine physically inactive individuals (7 men) (CG; age= 23.2±3.3 years) were compared. CE was assessed with the McGill battery (trunk flexor, extensor, and side-bridge test) and the plank test. DB was measured with the modified star excursion balance test in stable and unstable conditions. The SG maintained a 36.2% and 45% longer time in left lateral bridge (p=.049) and plank (p=.031), respectively, compared to the CG. The distance achieved in the stable DB test was similar between groups, but in unstable condition was 37.8% greater (p=.016) in SG in both legs and 46.6% greater in the non-dominant leg (p=.039) compared to CG. The SG showed a correlation between years of slackline practice and flexor (r=.674; p=.046), right lateral (r=.765; p=.016) and left (r=.730; p=.026) trunk endurance. In conclusion, those who practice slackline maintain a longer time in the plank and left lateral bridge test and achieve a higher reach distance in unstable DB compared to physically inactive individuals who do not practice slackline.El slackline desafía el equilibrio al caminar sobre una cinta en tensión, donde los músculos del tronco ayudan a mantener o recuperar el equilibrio. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar individuos que practicaban slackline e individuos inactivos fisicamente (IF) en resistencia del core (RC) y equilibrio dinámico (ED), y conocer si la RC se asocia a los años de practica de slackline. Nueve individuos (7 hombres) que practicaban slackline regularmente (GS; edad= 24.5±3.6 años) y nueve individuos IF (7 hombres) (GC; edad= 23.2±3.3 años) fueron comparados. La RC se evaluó con la bateria de McGill (prueba de flexores y extensores de tronco y puente lateral) y la prueba de la plancha. El ED se midió con la prueba de excursión de la estrella modificada en condiciones estables e inestables. El GS mantuvo un tiempo 36.2% y 45% mayor en puente lateral izquierdo (p=.049) y plancha (p=.031) respectivamente comparado con el GC. La distancia alcanzada en la prueba de ED estable fue similar entre grupos, pero en condición inestable fue 37.8% mayor (p=.016) en GS en ambas piernas y 46.6% mayor en la pierna no dominante (p=.039) comparado al GC. El GS mostró una correlación entre años de práctica de slackline y resistencia flexora (r=.674; p=.046), lateral derecha (r=.765; p=.016) e izquierda (r=.730; p=.026) de tronco. En conclusión, quienes practican slackline mantienen un tiempo mayor la prueba de la plancha y puente lateral izquierdo y logran un mayor alcance en ED inestable comparados con individuos IF que no lo practican

Effect of sit-to-stand-based training on muscle quality in sedentary adults: a randomized controlled trial

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sit-to-stand (STS) training programs with 5 vs. 10 repetitions on muscle architecture and muscle function in sedentary adults. Sixty participants were randomly assigned into three groups: five-repetition STS (5STS), 10-repetition STS (10STS), or a control group (CG). Participants performed three sets of five or 10 repetitions of the STS exercise three times per week for 8 weeks. Before and after 8 weeks, all groups performed ultrasound measures to evaluate muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL), and the five-repetition STS test to estimate the relative STS power and muscle quality index (MQI). After 8 weeks, both experimental groups improved MQI (40–45%), relative STS power (29–38%), and MT (8–9%) (all p < 0.001; no differences between the 5STS vs. 10STS groups). These improvements in both groups resulted in differences regarding the CG, which did not present any change. In addition, only the 5STS group improved PA (15%; p = 0.008) without differences to the 10STS and CG.This suggests that STS training is time-effective and low-cost for improving muscle function and generating adaptations in muscle architectureRecualificación del Profesorado Universitario. Modalidad Margarita Salas”, Universidad de Granada/ Ministerio de Universidades y Fondos Next Generation de la Unión Europe

Efectos de diferentes protocolos de fortalecimiento de miembro inferior sobre la fuerza, potencia y actividad muscular en sujetos sedentarios y físicamente inactivos: una revisión sistemática

The purpose of this systematic review was: a) to determine the quality of evidence from studies assessing the effects of different lower limb strengthening protocols on muscle activity, strength, and power in sedentary and/or physically inactive subjects; and b) to determine the effectiveness of lower extremity strengthening protocols on muscle activity, strength, and power in sedentary and/or physically inactive subjects. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements were followed using keywords associated with strength training, lower limb, sedentary, and physical inactivity. Four databases were used: Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. A total of 164 articles were retrieved, six included in this review. Four studies were classified as fair methodological quality, and two were considered of good methodological quality. Due to the heterogeneity in methodological aspects and the limited number of articles including the variables under study, it was not possible to establish a measure of effectiveness of lower limb strengthening protocols on muscle activity, strength, or power. In conclusion, strength training in the lower limb seems to improve the levels of strength, power, and muscular activity in sedentary subjects. However, due to the limited number of articles, methodological variability, and training methods used, it is necessary to conduct new studies that control these variables.El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue: a) determinar la calidad de la evidencia de los estudios que evaluaron los efectos de diferentes protocolos de fortalecimiento de miembros inferiores sobre la actividad, la fuerza y la potencia muscular en sujetos sedentarios y/o físicamente inactivos; y b) determinar la efectividad de los protocolos de fortalecimiento sobre la actividad, fuerza y potencia muscular de miembros inferiores en sujetos sedentarios y/o físicamente inactivos. Se siguieron los criterios PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyse) utilizando palabras clave asociadas con el entrenamiento de fuerza, extremidades inferiores, sedentarismo e inactividad física. Se revisaron cuatro bases de datos: Medline vía PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y SPORTDiscus. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro. Se recuperaron 164 artículos en total, seis incluidos en esta revisión. Cuatro estudios se clasificaron como de calidad metodológica regular y dos se consideraron de buena calidad metodológica. Debido a la heterogeneidad en los aspectos metodológicos y al escaso número de artículos que incluyeron las variables en estudio, no fue posible establecer una medida de efectividad de los protocolos de fortalecimiento de miembros inferiores sobre la actividad, la fuerza o la potencia muscular. En conclusión, el entrenamiento de fuerza en el miembro inferior parece mejorar los niveles de fuerza, potencia y actividad muscular en sujetos sedentarios. No obstante, debido al número limitado de artículos, la variabilidad metodológica y los métodos de entrenamiento utilizados, es necesario realizar nuevos estudios que controlen estas variables

Impact of Starting Knee Flexion Angle on Muscle Activity and Performance during Plyometrics without Jumping

Most of the existing research has focused on jump plyometrics, where landing reaction forces must be dissipated among lower limb articulations. In contrast, the investigation of resisted plyometrics without jumping, devoid of such landing forces, remains relatively limited. This study aimed to (i) investigate the impact of resisted plyometrics without jumping at two knee flexion angles (60 and 90 degrees) on vastus muscle activity relative to limb dominance and (ii) assess strength, power, and work during the concentric–eccentric phases of these exercises. Thirty-one healthy participants underwent quantification of lower limb muscle amplitude, strength, power, and work during resisted plyometrics without jumping from both 60º and 90º knee flexion positions. After anthropometric evaluations, participants used a dynamometer with a load equal to 80% of body weight while wireless surface electromyography electrodes recorded data. Statistical analyses utilized paired t-tests or nonparametric equivalents and set significance at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed significantly higher muscle activity in the vastus medialis (VM) (dominant: 47.4%, p = 0.0008, rs = 0.90; nondominant: 54.8%, p = 0.047, rs = 0.88) and vastus lateralis (VL) (dominant: 46.9%, p = 0.0004, rs = 0.86; nondominant: 48.1%, p = 0.021, rs = 0.67) muscles when exercises started at 90º knee flexion, regardless of limb dominance. Substantial intermuscle differences occurred at both 60º (50.4%, p = 0.003, rs = 0.56) and 90º (54.8%, p = 0.005, rs = 0.62) knee flexion, favoring VM in the nondominant leg. Concentric and eccentric strength, power, and work metrics significantly increased when initiating exercises from a 90º position. In conclusion, commencing resisted plyometrics without jumping at a 90º knee flexion position increases VM and VL muscle activity, regardless of limb dominance. Furthermore, it enhances strength, power, and work, emphasizing the importance of knee flexion position customization for optimizing muscle engagement and functional performance

Muscle Quality and Functional and Conventional Ratios of Trunk Strength in Young Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study

Background: The trunk strength conventional ratio (CR) has been evaluated. However, the functional ratio and the ratio of strength to body weight (BW) or muscle mass (MM) have been poorly explored. Relative strength is a measure of muscle quality. Objectives: To analyze the trunk strength ratio normalized by BW and MM and compare the trunk's conventional and functional ratios collected in isokinetic and isometric conditions. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy males (21.48 +/- 2.08 years, 70.22 +/- 7.65 kg) were evaluated for trunk isometric and isokinetic strength using a functional electromechanical dynamometer. Results: The extensor's strength was greater than the flexors, with a CR of 0.41 +/- 0.10 to 0.44 +/- 0.10. Muscle quality was higher in eccentric contraction and high velocity for flexors and extensors. The functional flexor ratio (FFR) ranged between 0.41 +/- 0.09 and 0.92 +/- 0.27. The functional extensor ratio (FER) ranged between 2.53 +/- 0.65 and 4.92 +/- 1.26. The FFR and FER showed significant differences between velocities when considering the peak strength (p = 0.001) and mean strength (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Trunk extensors were stronger than the flexors; thus, the CR was less than one. Muscle quality was higher at a high velocity. Unlike CR, FFR and FER behaved differently at distinct velocities. This finding highlights the need to explore the behavior of the functional ratio in different populations.DGI-University Andres Bello DI-08-CBC/22FEDER/Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities-State Research Agency RTI2018-099723-B-I0