Особливості планування і реалізації проектів ресторанного бізнесу

Ресторанний бізнес є однією із найбільш значущих складових індустрії гостинності. Водночас, ресторанний бізнес, з одного боку, є одним із засобів високоліквідного використання капіталу, а з іншого − середовищем із високим ступенем конкурентності. У всьому світі він є одним із найбільш розповсюджених видів малого бізнесу, тому заклади та підприємства ведуть між собою постійну боротьбу за сегментацію ринку, за пошук нових та за утримання постійних споживачів їхньої продукції та послуг. Всі заклади та підприємства повинні мати високий рівень конкурентоспроможності та мати свою унікальність

Contribution of the individual <i>N. gracilis</i> pitcher surfaces to prey capture under different environmental conditions.

<p>(A) Experimental setup to test how rain drops falling onto the pitcher lid affect ant capture. (B) Proportion of ant visitors to each pitcher surface that fell into the pitcher, under ‘dry’, ‘raining’, and ‘wet’ treatment condition, respectively. The interaction of pitcher surface and experimental condition was highly significant (<i>P</i><0.001).</p

Biological relevance of the lid capture mechanism.

<p>The natural prey capture rate of pitchers with a non-slippery PDMS coating applied to the lower lid surface is reduced in comparison to the untreated control group (*: <i>P</i><0.05).</p

Area-specific nectar secretion onto the peristome and the lower lid surface.

<p><i>N. gracilis</i> pitchers secrete significantly larger amounts of nectar under the lid than those of sympatric <i>N. rafflesiana</i> (***: <i>P</i><0.001).</p

Microscopic structure of the wax crystal surfaces.

<p>(A–B) Microstructure of the crystalline wax layer on the inner pitcher wall. (A) Top view, showing a dense network of thin, upright wax platelets (scale bar: 5 µm). The freeze-fracture side view (B) reveals the internal organisation of the surface (scale bar: 2 µm). (C–D) Microstructure of the lower lid surface. (C) Top view: the wax crystals form solid, pillar-like structures, unevenly distributed across the surface and surrounded by smooth cuticle (scale bar: 5 µm). (D) Side view of the wax pillars (scale bar: 2 µm).</p

Morphology of <i>N. gracilis</i> pitchers.

<p>(A) <i>N. gracilis</i> pitcher with visiting <i>Polyrhachis pruinosa</i> ant, showing the epicuticular wax crystal surfaces on the inner pitcher wall and on the underside of the pitcher lid. (B) The horizontal orientation directly above the pitcher opening puts the lower lid surface in an ideal position for prey capture.</p

Selenium-Enhanced Electron Microscopic Imaging of Different Aggregate Forms of a Segment of the Amyloid β Peptide in Cells

The aggregation of misfolded proteins is a common feature underlying a wide range of age-related degenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. A key aspect of understanding the molecular origins of these conditions is to define the manner in which specific types of protein aggregates influence disease pathogenesis through their interactions with cells. We demonstrate how selenium-enhanced electron microscopy (SE-EM), combined with tomographic reconstruction methods, can be used to image, here at a resolution of 5–10 nm, the interaction with human macrophage cells of amyloid aggregates formed from Aβ_25–36, a fragment of the Aβ peptide whose self-assembly is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. We find that prefibrillar aggregates and mature fibrils are distributed into distinct subcellular compartments and undergo varying degrees of morphological change over time, observations that shed new light on the origins of their differential toxicity and the mechanisms of their clearance. In addition, the results show that SE-EM provides a powerful and potentially widely applicable means to define the nature and location of protein assemblies <i>in situ</i> and to provide detailed and specific information about their partitioning and processing