107 research outputs found

    The lighting in Early Christian churches in the areas of Northern Illyricum: Some considerations

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    Pitanja i problemy osvetljenja crkvenih kompleksa ranohrišćanskog perioda u Severnom Iliriku nisu bile posebna tema naučnih studija. Pojedinačne teme su se odnosile na tipologije i ikonografske studije keramičkih i bronzanih lampi, kao i pojedine nalaze metalnih delova nosača kandila. Problemy proizvodnje, distribucije, tipologije i topografije staklenih lampi iz ranohrišćanskog konteksta do sada su pristuni u parcijalnim studijama ili preglednim radovima. Osim simboličnog značenja - božanskog irisustva u prostoru i mogućnosti sprovođenja liturgije, svetlost i osvetljenje u ranohrišćanskim hramovima imali su i svoju praktičnu funkciju, da produže vreme korišćenja prostora. Arheološkim istraživanjima zabeleženi su brojni primeri korišćenja metalnih nosača kandila i staklenih lampi, relativno ograničenog repertoara formi. Konične lampe sa šupljom cilindričnom stopom, koje su pridržavali metalni nosači (polikandila), nađene su na većem broju nalazišta na teritoriji Severnog Ilirika. Svi primerci ovog tipa izrađivani su u žućkastoj, svetoloplavoj, maslinastozelenoj boji. Lampe zvonolikog recipijeta i dna u obliku kapljice bile su zastupljene na više nalazišta civilnog i sakralnog karaktera. Nalazi iz ranohrišćanskih crkava potiču iz V i VI veka i vezuju se prvenstveno za centralne delove crkava (naos, oltarski prostor). Za period IV veka nemamo pouzdane podatke koji su tipovi staklenih lampi korišćeni, kao ni keramičkih ili bronzanih, što je najviše posledica nedovoljnog broja istraženih crkvenih građevina ovog perioda, kao i nedovoljno sistematizovane i publikovane građe. Ovaj prilog predstavlja poziv da se TA lacuna budućim istraživanjima upotpuni.In the areas of Northern Illyricum more than 100 Early Christian churches were registered, but only a small number of them has been archeologically explored. The largest amount of data was obtained in the last decades, most prominently from the areas of Naissus, Remesiana, Turres, at the sites of fortified hillforts of the Western or Southern Serbia, as well as the areas along the Danubian limes. Exploration of lighting systems in Early Christian church complexes of Northern Illyricum haven't been dealt with as a specific subject: ceramic and bronze lamps discovered within churches haven't been published as a self-contained topic as yet; the interests have been focused on specific findings of metal parts of cresset holders as well; problems of production, distribution and typology of glass lamps from the Early Christian contexts have been present, so far, in partial studies or survey papers only. The discovered glass lamps belong to the most frequent types of cylindrical, conical of hemispherical vessels, with a hollow foot or a button-shaped bottom. The glass window panels suggest a wide-spread tendency of recycling raw materials - mostly of a relatively poor quality. The archaeological and archaeometric researches have provided certain indications on the existence of local glass workshops, which were able to meet the needs of the local population for objects made of glass, possibly used in the sacral context as well

    Римски и рановизантијски град Улпијана (Iustiniana Secunda)

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    У раду се представљају резултати истраживања сарадника Археолошког института на налазишту Улпијана, који су претежно били спроведени током 70-их и 80-их година прошлог века на простору утврђеног града, где су регистроване различите структуре из римског и касноантичког доба

    Римски споменици из источних делова провинције Далмације и јужних делова Доње Паноније

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    Област Северозападне Србије, омеђана рекама Дрином на западу, Савом на серверу, Колубаром и Љигом на истоку и венцем Ваљевских планина на југу, у римско доба обухватала је источне делове провинције Далмације и јужне крајеве Доње Паноније. Реч је о археолошки мало истраженој области. У више наврата у другој половини XX и почетком XXI века систематски рекогносцирана, када је регистрован велики број налазишта из римског и касноримског доба, који указују на релативно густу насељеност области у свим епохама римске доминације. У овим областима забележено је постојање око четрдесетак споменика, израђених од камена или метала, међу којима је осамнаест са епиграфским садржајима. Из ових натписа сазнајемо податке о војсци, локалном становништву и култовима поштованим у области Северозападне Србије у римско доба. На основу ових споменика могуће је, уз ограничења која са собом носе, говорити и о степену романизације и економско-социјалној слици ових крајева у римско доба

    Мозаици грађевине са октогоном из античког Наиса

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    Мозаички подови откривени у пет просторија луксузне тзв. грађевине са октогоном, на локалитету Градско поље, Нишка тврђава, анализирани су са техничко-технолошког и стилског аспекта. Припадају релативно распрострањеном типу геометријских мозаичких тепиха касноантичке производње

    Шестар занатлије из касноантичке некрополе у Јагодин мали у Нишу (Naissus)

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    Током систематских археолошких истраживања касноантичке некрополе у Јагодин мали, Ниш (Naissus) у 1961. години, у средишњем делу некрополе регистрован је гроб зидан од фрагментованих и целих опека у облику саркофага. У гробу су регистровани скелетни остаци одрасле мушке индивидуе, у чијој левој руци је нађен бронзани шестар-рамерник (circinus). У раду се анализирају конструкција и оријентација гроба, која одступа од осталих гробова са простора некрополе, као и анализом гробног прилога – веома добро очуваног шестара-размерника са рељефно украшеним крацима, са представама крста, геометријских мотива и алата

    Late Roman fortification at Zidinac in the Iron Gates

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    Tokom 1969. godine, na ušću potoka Zidinca u Dunav, u selu Dobri u oblasti Đerdapa, arheološki su ispitani ostaci kasnoantičkog utvrđenja. Utvrđenje je kvadratne osnove, a sastoji se od ograđenog dvorišta i kule u severoistočnom uglu. Objekat je preliminarno publikovan u dva kratka izveštaja 1969. i 1984. godine. U prvom je datovan u IV vek, a u kasnijem izveštaju datovanje je korigovano u kraj III - početak IV veka. U ovom radu pokušaćemo da damo detaljnije podatke o stratigrafiji, kao i analizu arhitekture i pokretnih nalaza kako bi dobili precizniju sliku o samom nalazištu, nameni i periodima korišćenja.First to record the remains of antique fortification-watchtower at the mouth of the brook Zidinac in the area of the village Dobra, Golubac community, was F. Kanitz in the second half of the 19th century. Surveying of the site in the 1960s confirmed that its ramparts were relatively well preserved. Before the construction of hydroelectric power station Djerdap I, small-scale archaeological excavations had been conducted at this site because the fortification was situated below the line of flooding. Ten days archaeological excavations encompassed ground plan of entire fortification whose total dimensions are 306.25 square meters. Fortification consists of square tower and enclosed yard built at the same time of broken stone and mortar. Investigations had been conducted only in the northeast corner where tower was explored in detail. Inside the tower were recorded hearth with rectangular platform and circular structure built of stone. Interior of fortification has unfortunately not been explored. Rather sparse archaeological material was recorded that, nevertheless, includes few elements significant for closer determination of date of use and destruction of this structure. Rather small amount of pottery vessels was found including types of bowls and pots characteristic of the Late Roman production. The closest analogies could be found in the neighboring Saldum where such pottery is characteristic of the layer from the time of Valentinian, i.e. from AD 364-378/380. Worth mentioning among the finds are long iron sword of the spatha type and fragment of cruciform fibula that could be also dated, regarding shape and decoration, to the period of restoration of limes in Moesia Prima in the time of Valens and Valentinian I. Fortification was built on the terrain used in earlier periods (prehistory, time of Principate) but most intensive period of life was in the time of Valens' restoration of limes AD 364-378, until the invasion of the West Goths in AD 378 when life at this site died out for few centuries. In the early medieval period, probably by the end of 8th /beginning of 9th -10th centuries meager traces of the Slavic material culture have been recorded in the tower at Zidinac. Fortification at Zidinac belongs to the type of burgus speculatorius used for observing the surrounding area and stay of small military unit. It is according to its shape similar to a certain extent to the fortification at Pesača built in the end of 3rd century and also destroyed in invasion of the West Goths in AD 378. Burgus at Zidinac was situated in the defense line of the limes between the auxiliary fortification at Čezava (Novae) and numerus castellum at Saldum.

    Ludi gallinarii on the mosaic floor from Oescus (NW Bulgaria)

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    During archaeological research in 1948 in the central part of the Roman Oescus (modern-day Gigen) at the confluence of the Iskar and Danube rivers, in the province of Moesia Inferior (Late Roman province Dacia Ripensis), a structure was discovered with a room decorated with a mosaic floor with figural scenes. Mosaics’ panels depicted scenes from Menander’s piece “The Achaeans”, cockfights, world of fishes and animals – symbols of seasons. Special attention is dedicated to a partially preserved depiction of a cockfight (ludi gallinarii), which was one of the favourite sports and gambling events in Roman times. These scenes appear on various monuments, mosaics, tombstones, wall paintings, and toreutics. We will attempt to determine the origin of the patron, and possibly the workshop that produced this mosaic of exceptional value, based on the analysis of the monuments, and overview of displays on the mosaic from Oescu

    La necropoli tardoantica a Jagodin Mala, Niš (Naissus), Serbia - ottant’anni di ricerca. Le sfide per la presentazione e la conservazione

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    Nel 2013 la città di Niš celebra due anniversari importanti – 1700 anni dalla proclamazione dell’Editto di Milano e 80 anni di ricerche della più grande necropoli tardo antica nel territorio della città (necropoli di Jagodin Mala). Niš – Antica Naissus era il luogo di nascita dell’imperatore Costantino I, che, come notano le fonti, riccamente decorò sua città natale. Lo splendore della città tardo antica è poco nota a causa di modesti scavi archeologici, che sono oggi quasi completamente fermi. Tuttavia, ancora oggi edifici parzialmente recuperati ci raccontano la ricchezza e l’importanza della città, che fiorì soprattutto nella metà del IV e la prima del V secolo. Un pò più ricchi di dati sul periodo tardo antico sono stati ottenuti dalla ricerca archeologica della necropoli che era situata lungo la via militaris per Ratiaria, nella zona del moderno quartiere della città di Jagodin Mala. La necropoli è stata studiata, con ampie interruzioni, per 80 anni. Circa 300 tombe di tombe liberamente sepolte, più di 60 tombe e cinque edifici ecclesiali sono stati scoperti, così come ricco materiale archeologico portatile. Di tutte le tombe esaminate, solo cinque di loro sono state conservate e disponibili al pubblico, e tra questi particolare attenzione viene attratta da due con resti di affreschi dipinti (la tomba con una rappresentazione di san Pietro e san Paolo e la tomba con cristogramma) gravemente minacciate di estinzione in condizioni reali di esposizione e conservazione. Tra le chiese, solo la basilica a tre navate con cripta è stata scavata ed è restaurata e disponibile al pubblico oggi. Obiettivo di questo articolo è quello di richiamare l’attenzione sull’importanza delle tombe e della basilica con cripta a Jagodin Mala e al problema dello stato della loro conservazione e presentazione, che richiede un intervento urgente sia da istituti di ricerca e dalle sovrintendenze della protezione del patrimonio in modo che potessero durare nel tempo che sono davanti a noi e per anniversari futuri

    Traces of Early Christianity in Serbia

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    The research of the traces from the period of Early Christianity on the territory of present-day Serbia has been in progress for over 135 years. The remains of the churches and necropolises in Sirmium, Singidunum, Viminacium, Naissus, Remesiana, Caričin Grad and in the area of metalla Pincensia on Kosmaj were among the first ones to be explored. So far, over ninety early Christian sacral structures have been discovered. The finds from the Early Christianity period, except for the smaller part of the objects belonging to the second half and the end of the 3rd century, originate from the period from the 4th century AD until the collapse of the Roman rule by the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 7th century. The territory of the present-day Republic of Serbia during the Roman and Late Antiquity period originally belonged to several different provinces. The provinces in this area were located along the important trans-Balkan roads and in certain segments, they played a major role in the Late Antiquity period (especially mining, agriculture and crafts). The emperors who ruled the Empire from the middle of the 3rd to the second half of the 6th century, and those who were born on this territory, undoubtedly played an important role in shaping the architectural landscapes in the areas in which they were born. In the proposed contribution the questions of the degree of Christianization, its resistance, as well as the persistence of the old, pagan practices and customs will be examined

    Burials in Naissus in Late Antiquity : case study of the necropolis in Jagodin Mala

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    U poglavlju posvećenom sahranjivanju na najvećoj gradskoj nekropoli Naisusa, u saveremnoj gradskoj četvti Jagodin Mala, sumiraju se rezultati istraživanja dugih više od 130 godina, koji su dali značajne podatke o grobnim oblicima i načinima sahranjivanja stanovništva od IV do kraja VI i početka VII veka. Daje se pregled crkvene arhitekture zastupljene na nekropoli, luksuznih porodičnih grobnica, kao i grobova jednostavnije konstrukcije. Takođe, pažnja je posvećena i grobnim inventarima.Archaeological monographs No. 2
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