A new intrinsically knotted graph with 22 edges

A graph is called intrinsically knotted if every embedding of the graph contains a knotted cycle. Johnson, Kidwell and Michael showed that intrinsically knotted graphs have at least 21 edges. Recently Lee, Kim, Lee and Oh, and, independently, Barsotti and Mattman, showed that $K_7$ and the 13 graphs obtained from $K_7$ by $\nabla Y$ moves are the only intrinsically knotted graphs with 21 edges. In this paper we present the following results: there are exactly three triangle-free intrinsically knotted graphs with 22 edges having at least two vertices of degree 5. Two are the cousins 94 and 110 of the $E_9+e$ family and the third is a previously unknown graph named $M_{11}$. These graphs are shown in Figure 3 and 4. Furthermore, there is no triangle-free intrinsically knotted graph with 22 edges that has a vertex with degree larger than 5

Interpreting positive signs of the supraspinatus test in screening for torn rotator cuff.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the supraspinatus test as a screening test for detecting torn rotator cuff and to determine what its valuable positive signs were. Both the empty-can test and full-can test were performed on 200 shoulders diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-and in some cases, surgical findings-to have full-thickness or partial-thickness torn rotator cuff s, or no tear in the rotator cuff . During the maneuver, the presence of pain or weakness or both pain and weakness were recorded as positive signs, and the distribution of these signs were analyzed according to the degree of tear. The predictive values were calculated in 2 ways by considering (1) only full-thickness tears as tears and (2) both full- and partial-thickness tears as tears. The 2 tests and the 2 ways of considering partial-thickness tears were compared. Pain and weakness were severity-dependent, and the empty-can test had a higher incidence of pain. The sensitivities of the 2 supraspinatus tests in all positive signs were higher when including partial-thickness tears in the tear group ; however, their specificities were higher when excluding partial-thickness tears. Both pain and weakness were interpretive for the supraspinatus test, and both tests were sensitive to full- and partial- thickness tears and specific for full-thickness tears

A Study on the Influence on Mental Health of Participants of the Job Creation Project for the Japanese Elderly

This research aims to analyze the effects on the Subject’s mental health of the Job Creation Project for the elderly in Japan. The subjects of this survey in 2007 were about 1500 participants in the Job Creation Project of Silver Manpower Center in Japan, 970 cases of whom were dataanalyzed.The results of this research are as follows:First, as a result of descriptive statistics of mental health, it was unders food that the average of total mental health is 2.91. As a result of verification of mental health difference, the score of mental health showed significant difference statistically according to job type or motivation of participation, and no significant difference statistically according to satisfaction with job project or duration of participation. With respect to job types, mental health is higher in desk job ormanagement/inspection or technical work than in simple work. Also among the motivations of participation mental health is highest for participation in society than for income.Second, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed by including populationsociological properties variables and four subordinate variables of actual conditions of participation in the Job Creation Project for the Elderly in order to analyze the variables which influence the participant mental health. According to the result of analyzing the effects on total mental health, male gender and better physical health condition were seen to have positive effects on total mental health.It is noted that among the motivations of participation, participation in society, and satisfaction with the Job Project, had positive influence

Risk factors limiting first service conception rate in dairy cows and their economic impact

Objective We determined the risk factors limiting first service conception (FSC) rate in dairy cows and their economic impact. Methods Data were collected from 790 lactations regarding cow parity, peri- and postpartum disorders, body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, and expenses associated with reproductive management (treatment, culling, and others). Initially, we identified the risk factors limiting FSC rate in dairy cows. Various biological and environmental factors, such as herd, cow parity, BCS at 1 month postpartum and first artificial insemination (AI), resumption of cyclicity within 1 month of calving, year, AI season, insemination at detected estrus or timed AI, peri- and postpartum disorders, and calving to first AI interval, were evaluated. Next, we evaluated the economic impact of the success or failure of FSC by comparing the expense associated with reproductive management until conception between cows that did or did not conceive at their first service. Results Cows with BCS <3.0 had a lower probability of conceiving at first insemination (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, p<0.05) than cows with BCS ≥3.0. Cows inseminated during summer were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.44, p<0.001) than cows inseminated during spring. Cows with peri- or postpartum disorders were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.55, p<0.001) than cows without disorders. Survival curves generated using MedCalc showed an 81 day extension in the mean interval between calving and conception in cows that failed to conceive over those that did conceive at first insemination. Cows failing conceive required additional expenditure on reproductive treatment ($55.40) and other management ($567.00) than cows that conceived at first insemination. Conclusion Lower BCS, hot weather at first insemination, and peri- and postpartum disorders are risk factors limiting FSC, which result in an economic loss of $622.40 per dairy cow

A Study on the Korean Senior Employment Promotion Project that Influence on the Quality of Participants --Focused on gender difference--

This study analyzes the Korean senior employment promotion projects influence on the quality of elderly peoples lives. This study is focused on the gender differences, and based on their identification it provides policy implications to use for senior job creation initiatives as a way to promote improved quality of their lives.For this study, university students who were trained about interview techniques from October, 2007 to January, 2008 visited 33 organizations in each of Seoul’s administrative districts including social welfare centers, senior centers, senior employment support centers and community senior clubs. Ten to thirty older people of each organization had face-to-face interviews with the interviewers, resulting in 595 questionnaires collected. After data cleaning, a total of 574 questionnaires were used for this study.SPSS 14.0 was used to conduct data analysis, and many analysis techniques were employed for the analysis: frequency analysis, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis.The study uses regression analysis to find out the influence of variables on quality of life, and found that older men felt happier when they were early on in their retirement years, healthier and they participated in the project for an extended time. On the other hand, older women said they were happier when they were healthier and their job gave them more satisfaction when their job was not for public service or human resource dispatch

Effects of strobe light stimulation on postnatal developing rat retina

The nature and intensity of visual stimuli have changed in recent years because of television and other dynamic light sources. Although light stimuli accompanied by contrast and strength changes are thought to have an influence on visual system development, little information is available on the effects of dynamic light stimuli such as a strobe light on visual system development. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate changes caused by dynamic light stimuli during retinal development. This study used 80 Sprague-Dawley rats. From eye opening (postnatal day 14), half of the rats were maintained on a daily 12-h light/dark cycle (control group) and the remaining animals were raised under a 12-h strobe light (2 Hz)/dark cycle (strobe light-reared group). Morphological analyses and electroretinogram (ERG) were performed at postnatal weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Among retinal neurons, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR, dopaminergic amacrine cells) cells showed marked plastic changes, such as variations in numbers and soma sizes. In whole-mount preparations at 6, 8, and 10 weeks, type I TH-IR cells showed a decreased number and larger somata, while type II TH-IR cells showed an increased number in strobe-reared animals. Functional assessment by scotopic ERG showed that a-wave and b-wave amplitudes increased at 6 and 8 weeks in strobe-reared animals. These results show that exposure to a strobe light during development causes changes in TH-IR cell number and morphology, leading to a disturbance in normal visual functions