Mirage cosmology with an unstable probe D3-brane

We consider the mirage cosmology by an unstable probe brane whose action is represented by BDI action with tachyon. We study how the presence of tachyon affects the evolution of the brane inflation. At the early stage of the brane inflation, the tachyon kinetic term can play an important role in curing the superluminal expansion in mirage cosmology.Comment: 11 pages, improved presentation with some clarifications, typos corrected, references adde

Monomial Relization of Crystal Bases for Special Linear Lie Algebras

We give a new realization of crystal bases for finite dimensional irreducible modules over special linear Lie algebras using the monomials introduced by H. Nakajima. We also discuss the connection between this monomial realization and the tableau realization given by Kashiwara and Nakashima.Comment: 15 page

Young Wall Realization of Crystal Bases for Classical Lie Algebras

In this paper, we give a new realization of crystal bases for finite dimensional irreducible modules over classical Lie algebras. The basis vectors are parameterized by certain Young walls lying between highest weight and lowest weight vectors.Comment: 27page

Before the Page time: maximum entanglements or the return of the monster?

The entropy of Hawking radiation is approximately equal to the maximum of entanglement entropy if a black hole is in a state before the Page time, i.e., when the entropy of Hawking radiation is smaller than the entropy of the black hole. However, if there exists a process generating smaller entanglements rather than maximal entanglements, the entropy of Hawking radiation will become smaller than the maximum of the entanglement entropy before the Page time. If this process accumulates, even though the probability is small, the emitted radiation can eventually be distinguished from the exactly thermal state. In this paper, we provide several interpretations of this phenomenon: (1) information of the collapsed matter is emitted before the Page time, (2) there exists a firewall or a non-local effect before the Page time, or (3) the statistical entropy is greater than the areal entropy; a monster is formed. Our conclusion will help resolve the information loss paradox by providing groundwork for further research.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure

Fermentation characteristics of Korean pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) puree by the Leuconostoc mesenteroides 51-3 strain isolated from Kimchi

A lactic acid bacterial strain showing fast growth and high acid production when cultured in Korean pear puree was isolated from Kimchi. This strain was analyzed by using the API 50 CHL kit and 16S rRNA sequencing and was thus identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides 51-3. Korean pear puree was fermented with the L. mesenteroides 51-3 strain at 30°C for 12 h. The changes in pH, titratable acidity and viable cell count during fermentation were investigated. The pH and titratable acidity of the pear puree were 4.06 and 0.66%, respectively, after 12 h of fermentation. The viable cell count of L. mesenteroides 51-3 rapidly increased to 3.7 × 109 CFU/g after 12 h of cultivation. The content of lactic acid and acetic acid was determined to be 0.138 and 0.162%, respectively, after 12 h of fermentation. When the fermented pear puree was stored at 4°C, the pH, titratable acidity and viable cell count remained fairly constant for 14 days.Keywords: Fermentation, Korean pear puree, Leuconostoc mesenteroides.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(35), pp. 5735-5738, 30 August, 201

Electrochemical Investigation of High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Molybdenum for Preparation of Counter Electrode

In order to improve the photocurrent conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we studied an alternative conductor for the counter electrode and focused on molybdenum (Mo) instead of conventional fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Because Mo has a similar work function to FTO for band alignment, better formability of platinum (Pt), and a low electric resistance, using a counter electrode made of Mo instead of FTO lead to the enhancement of the catalytic reaction of the redox couple, reduce the interior resistance of the DSSCs, and prevent energy-barrier formation. Using electrical measurements under a 1-sun condition (100 mW/cm(2), AM 1.5), we determined that the fill factor (FF) and photocurrent conversion efficiency (eta) of DSSCs with a Mo electrode were respectively improved by 7.75% and 5.59% with respect to those of DSSCs with an FTO electrode. Moreover, we have investigated the origin of the improved performance through surface morphology analyses such as scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical analyses including cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy