Glucagon-like peptide 1 and taste perception: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical implications

Preclinical studies provided some important insights into the action of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in taste perception. This review examines the literature to uncover some molecular mechanisms and connections between GLP-1 and the gustatory coding. Local GLP-1 production in the taste bud cells, the expression of GLP-1 receptor on the adjacent nerves, a functional continuum in the perception of sweet chemicals from the gut to the tongue and an identification of GLP-1 induced signaling pathways in peripheral and central gustatory coding all strongly suggest that GLP-1 is involved in the taste perception, especially sweet. However, the impact of GLP-1 based therapies on gustatory coding in humans remains largely unaddressed. Based on the molecular background we encourage further exploration of the tongue as a new treatment target for GLP-1 receptor agonists in clinical studies. Given that pharmacological manipulation of gustatory coding may represent a new potential strategy against obesity and diabetes, the topic is of utmost clinical relevance

Incretin System: New Pharmacological Target in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Introduction: Obesity is highly prevalent in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It aggravates adverse features of the syndrome. Weight management by lifestyle intervention is often insufficient. We reviewed studies addressing the use of agents mediating through incretin system in obese PCOS

Energetska samozadostnost planinskih postojank v Triglavskem narodnem parku

V oskrbi planinskih postojank v Triglavskem narodnem parku z električno energijo je prišlo v zadnjih dvajsetih letih do izrazitega prehoda iz fosilnih virov na obnovljive vire energije. V poletju 2012 so imele vse preučevane postojanke nameščene sončne celice, nekatere tudi vetrne generatorje. Na podlagi analize energetske oskrbe postojank, upoštevajoč njihove potrebe po energiji, električno oskrbo in toplotno oskrbo, smo izdelali tipizacijo. Za postojanke, ki za proizvodnjo električne energije še vedno uporabljajo fosilna goriva, smo predlagali ukrepe in izpostavili prednostne naloge

Paralely mezi slovinským a českým dramatem 60. let

This article concentrates on the parallels between Slovene and Czech poetic drama in the nineteen sixties. I recognise similarities between the playwrights Dane Zajc, Josef Topol, and Gregor Strniša. Comparative analysis of Zajc’s and Topol’s texts exposes similar intimate themes, such as motives of love and the phenomena of time. The most vivid comparison is between Topol’s play Slavík v večeří and Strniša’s play Ljudožerci. In both plays, the dramatic plot is constructed as grotesque and absurd play. The dramatic perspective shows the experience of the absurd in the world.Namen prispevka je tematizirati sorodnosti med slovensko in češko poetično dramo v šestdesetih letih 20. stoletja. V primerjalni analizi so izpostavljene vzporednice med dramami Daneta Zajca in Josefa Topola ter Josefa Topola in Gregorja Strniše. V Zajčevih in Topolovih dramah se pojavljajo podobne intimne teme in motivi, kot sta fenomen ljubezni in časa. Najbolj izrazite so sorodnosti med Topolovo igro Slavček za večerjo in Strniševimi Ljudožerci. Pri obeh se dogajanje razvije v groteskno, absurdno igro, ki že izraža doživetje in spoznanje o absurdu v svetu

Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review

The approval of once daily liraglutide, 3.0 mg, and once weekly semaglutide, 2.4 mg, for chronic weight management provides a novel effective strategy against obesity. The reliable models that might predict weight reducing potential at the individual level have not been identified yet. However, the coexistence of diabetes has been consistently related with less effective response than in people without this comorbidity. We aimed to review the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs approved for weight management in individuals with and without diabetes and discuss some potential mechanisms for consistently observed differences in efficacy between these two populations. The mean weight loss difference between GLP-1 RAs and placebo as add-on to lifestyle intervention in patients with diabetes was 4% to 6.2% compared to 6.1 to 17.4% in people without diabetes. Semaglutide compared to liraglutide resulted in greater weight loss. Some hypothetical explanations for the weaker anti-obesity response for both GLP-1 RAs in people with diabetes include the background medications that promote weight gain, the fear of hypoglycaemia inherently related to the treatment of diabetes, a decrease in glycosuria and subsequently less weight loss in diabetics, an altered microbiota in patients with obesity and diabetes and a genetic background that predispose to weight gain in patients with diabetes. Moreover, people with diabetes may have had obesity for longer and may be less adherent to exercise, which seems to potentiate the effects of GLP-1 RA. Emerging multimodal approaches combining peptides targeting receptors at different levels might therefore be of additional benefit particularly in patients with diabetes

Pri mojih durih čaka smrt. Osupljiva privlačnost niča. Dekadentne tendence v poeziji Vide Jeraj

Next to my Door the Death is waiting. Longing for Love. Longing for Death. Vida Jeraj – Slovenian decadent Poetess The topics of the article are the decadent tendencies in the poetry and life of the first Slovenian female lyricist Vida Jeraj (Franica Vovk, 1875–1932) who was a vital part of the Slovenian modernist network ("Slovenian moderna") in Bled (Zasip) and Vienna. She began to write in the context of transformation in Central European cultures which ended with the collapse of the former joint State. Jeraj belonged to the generation of young cosmopolitan women writers who broke through in in the Fin-de-Siècle period in Slovene society, at that time the periphery of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In her literary work we analyse poems expressing motives of death.V razpravi se tematizirajo dekadentne tendence v poeziji in življenju prve slovenske pesnice intime Vide Jeraj (Franice Vovk, 1875–1932). Lirična pesnica je bila vitalni element slovenske moderne tako na Bledu (Zasipu) kot na Dunaju. Začela je pisati v kontekstu sprememb v srednjeevropskih kulturah, ki so se zaključile na koncu prve svetovne vojne z razpadom skupne države. Pripadala je generaciji kozmopolitskih avtoric, ki se je uveljavila v obdobju fin-de-siècla v slovenski kulturi, v tem času na periferiji avstro-ogrskega imperija. V njenem literarnemopusu nas zanimajo pesmi o smrti

Reprezentacija protestantov (»luterancev«) v zgodovinskih tekstih Ivana Tavčarja: Med zgodovino, fikcijo in ideologijo

Representation of Protestants in historical texts by Ivan Tavčar The topic of the article isthe representation of reformersin the literary work of the Slovenian realist writer Ivan Tavčar (1851–1923). In our interpretation, we focus on the triptych of three literary works, written in the eighties, in which he describesthe period of recatolisation of the Slovene society. He depicted the images of reformistsin the shortstory Vita vitae meae (1883), in the story about Amandus as part of the longer "framed story" V Zali (In the Zala Valley, Ljubljanski zvon, 1884) and in the novel Grajski pisar (The Castle Scribe, 1889). Tavčar interweaved the texts with historical memory of the specific area of his youth: Poljanska Valley and the town Škofja Loka. The reformists as well as the catholic priests are presented with stereotypical features: they are passionate believers but also intolerant people without any sense of humanity and compassion for the Other. The narrator underlines the story of the romantic love between a man and a woman with different religious beliefs.V prispevku analiziramo reprezentacijo protestantov v literarnem delu slovenskega realista Ivana Tavčarja (1851–1923). Osredinjamo se na triptih tekstov, napisanih v osemdesetih letih 19. stoletja, v katerih Tavčar tematizira podobe protestantov (»luterancev«) v času protireformacije (na koncu 16. in v prvi polovici 17. stoletja) na Slovenskem. Verske boje, ki so zavladali po obdobju reformacije na Slovenskem, je upodobil v noveli Vita vitae meae (1883), v noveli o Amandusu v sklopu okvirne povesti V Zali (Ljubljanski zvon, 1884) ter v romanu Grajski pisar (1889). Avtor v narativnem dogajanju upodobi zgodovinski spomin določenega geografskega prostora: Poljanske doline in Škofje Loke. Protestante označi kot verske nestrpneže, očrni pa tudi cerkvene oblastnike. Narativno zgodbo uokviri v romantično shemo prepovedane ljubezni in usodne strasti med pripadnikoma različne vere

Vprašanje vere in dvoma pri slovenskih protestantih (primer Primož Trubar)

This article analyzes the phenomenon of faith and doubt in two works of the Slovene protestant author Primož Trubar, the greatest Slovenian author of the 16th century: Ena dolga predguvor (1557) and Cerkovna ordninga (1564). In Trubar’s interpretation, faith is inherited; he understands it as a gift from God. The meaning of faith is focused through interpretation of the Bible. Faith is the main religious and ethical phenomenon; it presents man’s relation not only to God but also to society, and his relationship to existential, social, and moral reality. In Trubar’s, view the world is dual: it is divided into society with the right faith, and the condemned one, the society of others who live a lie, who don’t have the right faith. Doubt is the space of sin; it is the space without God’s mercy.V prispevku je analizirano vprašanje vere in dvoma v dveh delih Primoža Trubarja: v delu Ena dolga Predguvor (1557) in Cerkovna ordninga (1564). Vera je v Trubarjevem razumevanju vrojena, dar božji in izhaja iz interpretacije biblije. Vero dojema kot osnovni religiozni in moralni fenomen, ki razkriva tako problem človekovega odnosa do boga kot tudi do skupnosti, njegove moralne in verske vpetosti v socialni in zgodovinski kontekst. Tako pojmovanje kategorizira dvojnost sveta: pravo vero in svet pravih vernikov na eni strani, na drugi nepravo vero, dvom, nerazumevanje in laž, skupnost ljudi, ki živijo v zmoti. Dvom spada v območje greha, je odklon od božjega zaupanja in neupoštevanje božje avtoritete