[Review of] Out National Amnesia About Race: A Review Essay of David Blight\u27s Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory

In Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, David Blight is not concerned with developing [a] professional historiography of Civil War but rather with documenting the ways that contending memories [of the war] clashed or intermingled in public memory. ^1 Blight and others working in the interdisciplinary field of historical memory have broadened the scope of historical writing in their insistence that uncovering what really happened in the past is but one piece of the historical puzzle. Another important piece is the recovery of how historical agents conceptualized and remembered their pasts and in turn how these memories impact the present. What were their motivations in constructing their memories in particular way? What did they choose to remember; what did they willfully or unconsciously decide to forget? It quickly becomes clear in Race and Reunion that these individual and collective memories of the past--in this case specifically of the Civil War--may or may not have much bearing on what really happened. However, historically inaccurate memories still are revealing, often because of their inaccuracies rather than in spite of them. For as Paul Thompson claims, one part of history, what people imagined happened, and also what they believe might have happened--their imagination of an alternative past, and so alternative present-may be as crucial as what did happen. ^

What is the Difference in Profit per Acre between Organic and Conventional Coffee?

The research addresses the economic problem of deforestation. A contributing factor to deforestation is coffee production. Coffee is an indigenous plant that is naturally occurring in the native tropical forests. However, conventional coffee is grown on cleared forest soil. In the native forest there is the potential for additional fruits (bananas, mangoes, avocados) and wood products while in the conventional coffee production system the only product is coffee. Conventional coffee production often causes deforestation and soil erosion while the organic coffee production system does not. In addition, the price risk associated with the coffee monoculture is high and has proven disastrous to the sustainability of coffee production in past years. Thus, determining the comparative cost and return between the two methods can provide important information for coffee producers. The purpose of the research is to determine the per acre profitability between conventional and organic coffee. This will be determined by researching the distribution of quantity on representative plots. This will help identify any size or scale economies. Determining the difference in profit per acre between organic and conventional coffee production included identifying and working with production stakeholders, engaging in fieldwork, site and case study selection, and determining measurable, non-market benefits and costs that pertain to environmental and community factors. This included, but is not limited to fertilization, water, pesticide use, and timber harvest.coffee, inputs, outputs, species variation, Costa Rica, organic, conventional, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade, Risk and Uncertainty,

A Test Of Pre-Main-Sequence Lithium Depletion Models

Despite the extensive study of lithium depletion during pre-main-sequence (PMS) contraction, studies of individual stars show discrepancies between ages determined from the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram and ages determined from lithium depletion, indicating open questions in the PMS evolutionary models. To further test these models, we present high-resolution spectra for members of the beta Pictoris Moving Group (BPMG), which is young and nearby. We measure equivalent widths of the 6707.8 angstrom Li I line in these stars and use them to determine lithium abundances. We combine the lithium abundance with the predictions of PMS evolutionary models in order to calculate a lithium depletion age for each star. We compare this age to the age predicted by the H-R diagram of the same model. We find that the evolutionary models underpredict the amount of lithium depletion for the BPMG given its nominal H-R diagram age of similar to 12 Myr, particularly for the mid-M stars, which have no observable Li I line. This results in systematically older ages calculated from lithium depletion isochrones than from the H-R diagram. We suggest that this discrepancy may be related to the discrepancy between measured M-dwarf radii and the smaller radii predicted by evolutionary models

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