General Practitioners' perceptions of the route to evidence-based medicine: a questionnaire survey

Objectives: To determine the attitude of general practitioners towards evidence based medicine and their related educational needs. Design: A questionnaire study of general practitioners. Setting: General practice in the former Wessex region, England. Subjects: Randomly selected sample of 25% of all general practitioners (452), of whom 302 replied. Main outcome measures: Respondents' attitude towards evidence based medicine, ability to access and interpret evidence, perceived barriers to practising evidence based medicine, and best method of moving from opinion based to evidence based medicine. Results: Respondents mainly welcomed evidence based medicine and agreed that its practice improves patient care. They had a low level of awareness of extracting journals, review publications, and databases (only 40% knew of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), and, even if aware, many did not use them. In their surgeries 20% had access to bibliographic databases and 17% to the world wide web. Most had some understanding of the technical terms used. The major perceived barrier to practising evidence based medicine was lack of personal time. Respondents thought the most appropriate way to move towards evidence based general practice was by using evidence based guidelines or proposals developed by colleagues. Conclusion: Promoting and improving access to summaries of evidence, rather than teaching all general practitioners literature searching and critical appraisal, would be the more appropriate method of encouraging evidence based general practice. General practitioners who are skilled in accessing and interpreting evidence should be encouraged to develop local evidence based guidelines and advice

Jenny White reflects on the legacy of Urania

Jenny White reflects on the pioneering paper Urania (1916-1940), led by five feminist visionaries who sought to contest the gender binary and celebrate same sex love. The unifying legacy of Urania challenges the idea that trans and non-binary identities are something novel, and shows the longstanding interconnections and solidarities between feminism, trans rights and sapphic lives

BREAST SUPPORT IMPLICATIONS FOR FEMALE RECREATIONAL ATHLETES DURING STEADY-STATE RUNNING

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high (HS) and low (LS) breast support on running kinematics and breast comfort during steady-state running. Eleven larger-breasted female recreational athletes completed a short duration treadmill run (2.58 m/s) in a LS and HS condition. Multi-planar breast and running kinematics were analysed; breast comfort was rated at the end of each treadmill run. The HS condition significantly reduced breast kinematics and increased breast comfort. Differences in lower-extremity mechanics were found between breast support conditions; results suggest performance may be compromised if high breast support is not worn. Individual running mechanics were also found to influence breast kinematics, highlighting that some runners may need custom-made breast support

Size frequency variation of an emerging fisheries species across its biogeographical range

Kellet\u27s whelk (Kelletia kelletii), a large subtidal gastropod is the basis for an emerging bycatch fishery in California. This commercial fishery has increased dramatically in the past two decades, but there is little biological information available to inform its management. There are currently no size limits and only seasonal restrictions for commercial and recreational fishing for Kellet’s whelk in California with annual total allowable catch at 100,000 pounds. After surveying 28 subtidal rocky reefs across the Kellet’s whelk range, our results indicate large natural variation in size frequencies, specifically between the mainland and island populations. Designing harvesting strategies that would maintain these size frequency distributions – e.g., a larger size limit at the islands and a smaller size limit at the mainland populations -- may generate more sustainable and productive economic and ecological outcomes

Presence of pharmaceuticals in Irish surface water

At each stage of a pharmaceutical lifecycle, there is a significant risk of environmental exposure. For this reason, it is imperative to implement both source directed and end of pipe control measures. This will mitigate any potential hazards to the environment or to humans. The ever-increasing use and availability of pharmaceuticals in the last decade have led to the contamination of surface water ecosystems with ng/L to µg/L concentrations. The environmental fate and toxicological implications of many pharmaceuticals and their residues are not fully understood. Additionally, the stability and biological activity of these “micropollutants” can lead to chronic environmental exposure causing behavioural and health-related effects. This research investigates pharmaceuticals chosen from the updated surface water “Watch List” (Decision (EU) 2018 /840), followed by pharmaceuticals which are commonly found in European surface water and pharmaceuticals which have a low removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants. This project aims to create a comprehensive prioritisation framework and a risk-based assessment by calculating their risk quotient for each of the chosen pharmaceuticals

A Phenomenological Enquiry into Focusing on Music

This thesis develops the findings of my MA research and presents a phenomenological enquiry into the experiencing involved in focusing on music. It carries forward the notion that music can hold implicit meaning in what Eugene Gendlin, creator of focusing, terms as a “felt sense”. It asks participants to select music that says something about how they are feeling right now in order to establish if focusing on personally selected relevant music can unravel implicit experiencing. Music experiencing is further investigated by a semi-structured interview with the composer of one of the participants’ pieces of music. The Literature Review explores further avenues into research on music emotions and feeling including neuroscience and quantitative research into music and sadness. In Methodology, Gendlin’s Philosophy of the Implicit is positioned against the background of phenomenological philosophy including William James and Merleau-Ponty, providing an account of the formation of the Experiencing Scale and how it can contribute a further phenomenological layer to the analytical tool Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. This approach is presented in the Analysis section, which produces the main themes of the research alongside observations from the Experiencing Scale. The Discussion chapter explores the analysis from the theoretical perspectives gathered in the Literature Review, particularly through Philosophy of the Implicit and Gendlin’s philosophical treatise: A Process Model. The thesis concludes with an opportunity to conceptualize music by thinking further with Gendlin’s concepts

On yıl arayla iki evlenme töreni

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: İstanbul Genel Dokümanlarıİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Lifecycle assessment of pharmaceuticals in Irish surface waters

At each stage of a pharmaceutical lifecycle, there is a significant risk of environmental exposure. For this reason, it is imperative to implement both source directed and end of pipe control measures. This will mitigate any potential hazards to the environment or to humans. The ever-increasing use and availability of pharmaceuticals in the last decade have led to the contamination of surface water ecosystems with ng/L to µg/L concentrations. The environmental fate and toxicological implications of many pharmaceuticals and their residues are not fully understood. Additionally, the stability and biological activity of these “micropollutants” can lead to chronic environmental exposure causing behavioural and health-related effects. This research investigates pharmaceuticals chosen from the updated surface water “Watch List” (Decision (EU) 2018/840) followed by pharmaceuticals which are commonly found in European surface water and pharmaceuticals which have a low removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants. This project aims to create a comprehensive prioritisation framework and a risk-based assessment by calculating their risk quotient for each of the chosen pharmaceuticals