‘Indio naciste, indio te quedás’: Las voces narrativas y los efectos narrativos desde una perspectiva sociocultural en Balún Canán

La intención de este trabajo es investigar las voces narrativas en la novela mexicana Balún Canán (1968), escrita por Rosario Castellanos. En esta novela existen dos instancias narrativas diferentes: una niña narradora que narra en primera persona la primera y tercera parte, y un narrador anónimo que narra la segunda parte en tercera persona. La hipótesis que guía este trabajo es que la perspectiva de la niña narradora añade una dimensión diferente al otro narrador, que narra de manera impersonal y adulta. El propósito es examinar las funciones y los efectos que dan lugar en la novela cada uno tipo de narrador. Aquí, se parte de cómo ponen de manifiesto las oposiciones sociales en la novela, y se emplean ciertos conceptos narratológicos. Se constata que gracias a la narración de la niña se manifiesta el mundo indígena y su perspectiva al ser niña ladina en México en el tiempo en que desarrolla la novela. Asimismo, se confirma que el efecto del otro narrador es que este puede presentar los acontecimientos de la segunda parte desde varias perspectivas diferentes y en una manera objetiva. La conclusión es que los dos tipos de narradores presentan la opresión social que existe en la novela en distintas maneras, y que las dos formas de narrar completan la una a la otra

Design, anläggningsmetoder och skötseltekniker för hagmarksbestånd

There is many valuable nature and culture landscapes in Sweden that has developed during a long period of time, throw natural processes or human use. Unfortunately lot of these are disappearing. My thought with this work is to explore the possibility to establish new areas with similar qualities. The motive for this is that attractive countryside biotopes are well worth to use as model to enrich the urban landscape. Another thought has concerned the people that establish, build and manage landscapes and parks. They often have varied views, both coming from a difference in background and previous experiences. That fact is likely to effect their work. The purpose is to discuss and compare different professions view of the problem presented above, to compare and discuss potential differences and the reasons for them. I have chosen an area that I consider to have plenty of different values, considering both aspects of nature, environment, recreation and culture. And from there I worked at understanding how to establish a similar vegetation type in a different location that I have proposed. The model areas I have chosen is an oak pasture were the most characteristic feature is the old contorted oaks that dominate the area. The oak trees are probably a lot older then they look, considering that they grown slowly on the sandy and poor soil in the area. The new areas were I propose a new establishing of a similar oak pasture, is on the flat plain of Skåne, close to Alnarp. The ground consists of moist rich clay witch is now used as an open pasture. The area faces south and is exposed to the wind. It has been used as a pasture since at least the end of 1800´s. It covers an area of approximately four hectares. I have mainly used a question form aimed at three-experienced professional in constructing new areas of vegetation. I have also studied literature and different species on sight. Answers from the professionals: The Master of Science in Forestry suggests spraying with chemicals to control the weed. He's the only one. He also uses a standard model for establish and manage the area. His method is cheep, it gives a quick feeling of grown up forest, but it has very few early esthetical values. The Bachelor of Science in Landscape Construction and Management´s methods is realistic and could work well considering the methods of establishment and managing. He also considers the esthetical side. This suggestion feels like a compromise between the he landscape architects and the master of science in forestry´s proposals. The Landscape Architect method is aimed at getting an environment with interesting experiences early in the development. For example, planting in groups with a flexible management. Contrary to the others, this proposal is not practical to establish or manage, and that makes it a costly method as well. My own model My own suggestion consists of a mix of the Bachelor of Science in landscape construction and management and the landscape architects suggestion. Here I consider the early values and diversity throw planting in groups and diversity in species. But with the aim at establish and managing in an easy way. Different professions The different professions to answer my questions and on which answers my work is based, have three different professional education divided into two main directions. One is Landscape Architect and one is Bachelor of Science in Landscape Construction and Management. how's main aim is park and landscapes. Another profession is Master of Science in Forestry how aims mainly on forest production. A third area should be ecology. From this perspective one could reason over the influence profession and direction has on the single persons personal views of the appropriate way or the right answer to solve the problem at hand. You should also consider how the previous experience and generation affect his or hers view of the problem and the solution. According to earlier researched of mentioned areas, there are substantial differences in the view on forests. The direction of ecology judges a forests quality from its potential to become an interesting adult area. The forest direction focus mainly on timber production and the adult phase in the most interesting. The park and landscape direction focus mainly on the esthetical aspects, the most interesting phase is that of old age or extreme youth. Work professions The result I have got from the two directions I have tested turned up to fit perfectly with the research previously done. The Master of Science in Forestry focus on forest use mainly effective methods to get the best timber production possible. Even that that's not the goal of the planting. He focuses on the finished product without finding anything interesting in the previous faces. Park and landscape direction focus mainly on the experience and the esthetical values. But there are also differences between the professions. The Landscape Architect is the one mainly focused on aesthetics. He wants to have interesting values as early as possible, even if that means it will bee more difficult in other areas like establishing and managing. The Bachelor of Science in Landscape Construction and Management. is in comparative more practical. The goal is to bee reached throw a realistic and easy managed plan that also gives interesting qualities during the different phases of development. Reflection The model i propose works well on other types of vegetation as well. Different plant material and conditions will of course give different results. From the start my thought was to one more picture and collect more answers. Unfortunately the second picture was hard to understand and the answers I got from the first picture was few and uneven. My analysis about professions is based on one person per group and is more likely to be about the person then the profession he represents. What's interesting is that even with the few answers I have got, the analysis fits very well with the expected result. Maybe education effects more then you would think.Det finns många värdefulla natur- och kulturlandskap i Sverige som har utvecklats under lång tid antingen genom naturliga processer eller genom människans nyttjande. Tyvärr håller många av dessa på att försvinna. Min tanke med detta arbete har varit möjligheten att anlägga nya liknande miljöer med liknande kvalitéer. Motivet för detta är att attraktiva landsbyggdsbiotoper är väl värda att använda som förbild för att berika det urbana landskapet. Ytterliggare en fundering har gällt människorna om anlägger, bygger och sköter landskap och parker. De har ofta en varierande bakgrund, både vad gäller utbildning och erfarenheter. Detta påverkar troligen deras arbete. Här är syftet att diskutera och jämföra olika yrkesgruppers syn på problemet ovan, att jämföra och diskutera eventuella skillnader och anledningen till dem. Jag har valt ett område som jag tycker har många värden, både inom natur, miljö, rekreation och kultur, och sedan arbetat utifrån hur man skulle kunna bygga upp motsvarande vegetationskaraktär på en ny plats som jag har föreslagit. Förebildsområdet är en ekhage där det mest karakteristiska är de gamla vridna ekarna som dominerar området. Ekarna är troligen betydligt äldre än de ser ut, beroende på att de växt långsamt på den sandiga och näringsfattiga jorden som finns här. De nya området jag föreslår en nyetablering av en liknande ekhage ligger på den skånska slätten vid Alnarp. Marken är en fuktig näringsrik morän lera, som är besådd med vall. Området ligger mot söder och är relativt vind utsatt, det har varit betes eller åkermark sedan slutet av 1800 talet. Det täcker en yta på ca fyra hektar. Jag har huvudsakligen använt mig av ett frågeformulär riktat till tre erfarna vegetationsbyggare, men även gjort en Litteraturstudie och studerat olika arter på plats

Fångvaktare och medmänniska : En studie om kriminalvårdarens yrkesroll

The discussion of the swedish treatment of offenders often revolves round the two contradictions punishment and care. Modern prison is described to be based on values such as humanity, care and respect, although the main task is to protect the society from criminals by keeping them locked up. This study focused on the role of the prison officer with the purpose of understanding how he sees his profesional role in an organisation influenced by punishment and care. Central questions are: How does the prison officer handle his role as caretaker in an organisation where he not only has the right to, but also is obliged to, controle and power his clients? How does the prison officer define his working role and does he find any dificulties in combining these? The research was realized during the months of April and May 2005 through qualitative interviews and conversations with prison officers working in a swedish prison. It also contained a minor fieldstudy in that same prison. The results showed that the principle conflict between punishment and care have an insignificant influence on the daily work of the prison officer. They also revealed how this is posible, describing methods used by the prison officer to deal with the task of controling and supervising people on the basis of human kindness

Privat-offentlig samverkan kring risker och sårbarheter – En utvärdering av samverkan somverktyg för aggregering av information

The aim and purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the utilization of private-public collaboration of the exchange of information on risks and vulnerabilities concerning food supply in Sweden, with a view to provide the participants with recommendations on how to improve or how to initiate this collaboration. The study consists of interviews with respondents from Swedish municipalities, one Swedish country administrative board, Swedish county councils and national private companies based in Sweden

Fluorescence spectra provide information on the depth of fluorescent lesions in tissue

The fluorescence spectrum measured from a fluorophore in tissue is affected by the absorption and scattering properties of the tissue, as well as by the measurement geometry. We analyze this effect with Monte Carlo simulations and by measurements on phantoms. The spectral changes can be used to estimate the depth of a fluorescent lesion embedded in the tissue by measurement of the fluorescence signal in different wavelength bands. By taking the ratio between the signals at two wavelengths, we show that it is possible to determine the depth of the lesion. Simulations were performed and validated by measurements on a phantom in the wavelength range 815-930 nm. The depth of a fluorescing layer could be determined with 0.6-mm accuracy down to at least a depth of 10 mm. Monte Carlo simulations were also performed for different tissue types of various composition. The results indicate that depth estimation of a lesion should be possible with 2-3-mm accuracy, with no assumptions made about the optical properties, for a wide range of tissues

The degree of projectification in organizations, and its impact on strategic flexibility: A quantitative study of the Norwegian economy

Master thesis Business Administration - University of Agder 2016In this study, we will explore the plausible relationship between the degree of projectification, and the strategic flexibility in the Norwegian economy. Working in a project-based form is increasing in most industries throughout the western world, and at the same time, strategic flexibility is becoming more and more important. We live in a world of rapid changes, where organizations have to be able to act fast in order to stay "alive". We know that projectification is an increasingly important phenomenon, and that the strategic flexibility of an organization might be the focus of the future - but what remains unanswered is if there is a connection between the two. This is a descriptive study of the Norwegian economy, where we have obtained primary data from 1412 participating organizations, representing different industries and sizes. We have determined a measure of the degree of projectification in the Norwegian economy, as well as establish to which extent organizations consider themselves to have strategic flexibility. We have also been able to estimate the future growth rate of projectification for the next five years in the Norwegian economy. Through this research, we have further established that there is a significant relationship between our two variables, but that it is quite weak. Furthermore, we have found that there is a significant moderating effect to our relationship, by the industry type the organizations belongs to. We have however found that the size of the organization does not have a significant impact on the mentioned relationship, in the Norwegian economy

Gas-borne particles with tunable and highly controlled characteristics: for nanotoxicology studies

For nanotoxicology investigations of air-borne particles to provide relevant results it is ever so important that the particle exposure of, for example cells, closely resembles the “real” exposure situation, that the dosimetry is well defined, and that the characteristics of the deposited nanoparticles are known in detail. By synthesizing the particles in the gas-phase and directly depositing them on lung cells the particle deposition conditions in the lung is closely mimicked. In this work we present a setup for generation of gas-borne nanoparticles of a variety of different materials with highly controlled and tunable particle characteristics, and demonstrate the method by generation of gold particles. Particle size, number concentration and mass of individual particles of the population are measured on-line by means of differential mobility analyzers (DMA) and an aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM), whereas primary particle size and internal structure are investigated by transmission electron microscopy. A method for estimating the surface area dose from the DMA-APM measurements is applied and we further demonstrate that for the setup used, a deposition time of around 1 h is needed for deposition onto cells in an air–liquid interface chamber, using electrostatic deposition, to reach a toxicological relevant surface area dose