Effects of age, sex and neutering status on hematological parameters.

<p>(a) Age: The adjusted mean values – accounting for sex, breed and neutering status – for each of the 12 hematological parameters are represented on the respective <i>y</i> axes, showing age in years on the x axes. All measurands except MCHC (p=0.24) varied with age and in the case of RBC concentration, Hct, Hb and lymphocyte concentration there was an interaction between age and neutering status; in these cases, values for the intact dogs (solid lines) were distinguished from those for the neutered dogs (interrupted lines) in the plots shown. (b) Sex and neutering status: The adjusted mean values – accounting for breed and age – for each of the 12 hematological parameters are represented on the respective <i>y</i> axes, showing sex (F=female; M=male) and neutering status (I=intact; N=neutered) on the x axes. When present, significant differences (in sex, neutering status, or sex*neutering status interaction) are shown at the top of the figure; in some cases, only the interaction between sex and neutering status was significant. These analyses were all undertaken on the complete dataset of dogs, including both mixed and pure breeds. </p

Principal component analysis identifies breed-specific hematological phenotypes.

<p>Of the 11 principal components identified in the current dataset, the first five had Eigenvalues of over 1 and cumulatively accounted for 82% of the total variance. A heatmap showing correlations between the hematological parameters and the first five principal components (PC1 to PC5) is shown in part (a). Biplots (PC1 <i>vs</i> PC2; PC1 <i>vs</i> PC3; PC4 <i>vs</i> PC5) are shown in part (b), revealing outlying breeds with principal components of greater than +2 and less than -2, representing distinctive phenotypes. These outlying breeds are labeled in the biplots. </p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Effect of personal exposure to black carbon on changes in allergic asthma gene methylation measured 5 days later in urban children: importance of allergic sensitization

Conserved promoter regions. Black lines mark loci that are conserved between human and mouse in the promoter region of IL4, IFNγ, and ARG2. White areas are not conserved. Conserved regions were identified using Standard Nucleotide BLAST (blastn for more dissimilar regions; https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi.) for the 400 nucleotides upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS) in the human sequence. The NOS2A promoter region under investigation is not conserved between mice and human. Figure S2: Schematic demonstration of collected measures. Numbers in the box represent the number of participants. N:n = number of repeat subjects: number of observations. Grey dotted box indicates two measures (both time 1 and time 2, 6 months apart) available and white box only one measure (Time 1) available. N = 10 participants dropped due to invalid personal or residential air pollution measures. N = 17 participants were further excluded from the analysis due to missing total IgE (N = 16) and invalid DNA methylation due to technical failures in the laboratory (N = 1), resulting in N = 136 of the final sample size. Figure S3: Correlations between day 1 and day 6 buccal cell DNA methylations of (a) IL4 (CpG−326,CpG−48, (b) IFNγ (CpG−186,CpG−54), and (c) NOS2A (CpG+5099, CpG+5106) and (d) ARG2 (average methylation of CpG−32, CpG−30, and CpG−26), Spearman correlation coefficient presented. (DOCX 466 kb