Strategies for Selecting, Managing, and Engaging Undergraduate Coauthors: A Multi-Site Perspective

In 2018, we delivered a symposium on publishing with undergraduate coauthors in the Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research (Fallon, 2018a; Fallon and Domenech Rodríguez, 2018a,b; Fallon and Scisco, 2018; McCabe and Mendoza, 2018). Based on our collective experience, we identified three common challenges: effectively selecting, managing, and engaging students throughout the publication process. We use our perspectives from different institutions (i.e., small liberal arts colleges, mid-sized regional universities, and a large research university) and evidence from past research to provide strategies to successfully meet these challenges. Ultimately, the actionable strategies we describe could be used by a wide faculty readership to increase rates of successful publishing with undergraduate students

Effects of ginger and expectations on symptoms of nausea in a balanced placebo design.

OBJECTIVE: Ginger effects on (experimental) nausea have been described, but also strong placebo effects and sex differences when nausea is involved. The "balanced placebo design" has been proposed to allow better separation of drug and placebo effects. METHODS: Sixty-four healthy participants (32 women) were randomly assigned to receive an antiemetic ginger preparation or placebo, and half of each group was told to have received drug or placebo. They were exposed to 5×2 min body rotations to induce nausea. Subjective symptoms and behavioral (rotation tolerance, head movements) and physiological measures (electrogastrogram, cortisol) were recorded. Groups were balanced for sex of participants and experimenters. RESULTS: Ginger and the information given did not affect any outcome measure, and previous sex differences could not be confirmed. Adding the experimenters revealed a significant four-factorial interaction on behavioral but not on subjective or physiological measures Men who received placebo responded to placebo information when provided by the male experimenter, and to ginger information when provided by the female experimenter. This effect was not significant in women. CONCLUSION: The effects of an antiemetic drug and provided information interact with psychosocial variables of participants and experimenters in reports of nausea

Effects of Ginger and Expectations on Symptoms of Nausea in a Balanced Placebo Design

OBJECTIVE: Ginger effects on (experimental) nausea have been described, but also strong placebo effects and sex differences when nausea is involved. The "balanced placebo design" has been proposed to allow better separation of drug and placebo effects. METHODS: Sixty-four healthy participants (32 women) were randomly assigned to receive an antiemetic ginger preparation or placebo, and half of each group was told to have received drug or placebo. They were exposed to 5×2 min body rotations to induce nausea. Subjective symptoms and behavioral (rotation tolerance, head movements) and physiological measures (electrogastrogram, cortisol) were recorded. Groups were balanced for sex of participants and experimenters. RESULTS: Ginger and the information given did not affect any outcome measure, and previous sex differences could not be confirmed. Adding the experimenters revealed a significant four-factorial interaction on behavioral but not on subjective or physiological measures Men who received placebo responded to placebo information when provided by the male experimenter, and to ginger information when provided by the female experimenter. This effect was not significant in women. CONCLUSION: The effects of an antiemetic drug and provided information interact with psychosocial variables of participants and experimenters in reports of nausea

Electrogastrogram (EGG) in participants that received ginger or placebo.

<p>EGG was evaluated as the ratio between normal activity (2.5 to 3.75 cycles per minute, cpm) and activity in the tachygastria band (4 to 9.75 cpm), and with increasing nausea the ratio usually falls below 1. Data segments were recorded at baseline, twice after drug application, and after rotation. The constant fall of the ratio from baseline to post rotation is interrupted in the ginger group but ginger was not able to prevent nausea to occur with rotation.</p

Baseline data prior to interventions in experimental groups.

1<p>Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire score;</p>2<p>Expectancy of susceptibility to rotation stimuli (VAS);</p>3<p>Ginger expectancy value (VAS) prior to rotations;</p>4<p>in the morning upon arrival in the lab;</p>5<p>immediately prior to rotation;</p>6<p>Symptom rating before rotations;</p>7<p>EGG a: available data at baseline (n = 63);</p>8<p>percentage of normal gastric activity;</p>9<p>percentage of tachygastria;</p>10<p>ratio between normal activity and tachygastria;</p>11<p>EGG b: data of cases with all 4 measures (n = 52).</p

Number of head movements in male and female participants (HM; means +/− SD).

<p>Male (Panel A) and female (Panel B) participants received either ginger or placebo in a double-blinded design and (immediately prior to rotation) were informed to have received ginger or placebo in a balanced placebo-design, i.e. half of the participants of each group were correctly informed while the other half received false information. When the four groups were compared by effects of drug and information on symptom rating (SR), rotation tolerance (RT), and head movements (HM), MANOVA results were only significant when sex of participants and the experimenters were added as between factors to the analysis (F = 4.307, p = .009).</p

Electrogastrogram (EGG) in male and female participants that received ginger or placebo.

<p>EGG was evaluated as the ratio between normal activity (2.5 to 3.75 cycles per minute, cpm) and activity in the tachygastria band (4 to 9.75 cpm), and with increasing nausea the ratio usually falls below 1. Data segments were recorded at baseline, twice after drug application, and after rotation. The constant fall of the ratio from baseline to post rotation was not different between men and women.</p

Time schedule of the single session of the study in an individual participant.

<p>Time schedule of the single session of the study in an individual participant.</p

Bite count rates in free-living individuals: new insights from a portable sensor

Abstract Background Conclusions regarding bite count rates and body mass index (BMI) in free-living populations have primarily relied on self-report. The objective of this exploratory study was to compare the relationship between BMI and bite counts measured by a portable sensor called the Bite Counter in free-living populations and participants eating in residence. Methods Two previously conducted studies were analyzed for relationships between BMI and sensor evaluated bite count/min, and meal duration. Participants from the first study (N = 77) wore the bite counter in a free-living environment for a continuous period of 14 days. The second study (N = 214) collected bite count/min, meal duration, and total energy intake in participants who consumed one meal in a cafeteria. Linear regression was applied to examine relationships between BMI and bite count/min. Results There was no significant correlation in the free-living participants average bite counts per second and BMI (R2 = 0.03, p = 0.14) and a significant negative correlation in the cafeteria participants (R 2  = 0.04, p = 0.03) with higher bite count rates observed in lean versus obese participants. There was a significant correlation between average meal duration and BMI in the free-living participants (R 2  = 0.08, p = 0.01). Total energy intake in the cafeteria participants was also significantly correlated to meal duration (R 2  = 0.31, p < 0.001). Conclusions With additional novel applications of the Bite Counter, insights into free-living eating behavior may provide avenues for future interventions that are sustainable for long term application

The balanced placebo design.

<p>The balanced placebo design.</p