Atlas of reflectance spectra of terrestrial, lunar and meteoritic powders and frosts from 92 to 1800 nm

The reflectance spectra of powdered samples of selected minerals, meteorites, lunar materials and frosts are presented as an aid in the interpretation of present and future remote sensing data of solar system objects. Spectra obtained in separate wavelength regions have been combined and normalized, yielding coverage from 92 to 1800 nm. Spectral features include reflectance maxima in the far UV region produced by valence-conduction interband transitions, and reflectance minima in the near UV, visible and near IR regions, produced by charge transfer and crystal field transitions. Specific maxima and minima are diagnostic of mineral type and composition; additionally, the minerals present in mixtures such as meteorites and lunar samples can be determined

A NEW COMPUTATIONAL MODEL TO AUGMENT THE DESIGN OF MICROFLUIDIC SEPARATIONS: ELECTRIC FIELD ASSISTED, HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY

This project encompasses the implementation of a computational model to simulate the microfluidic separation of like-charged particles in a continuous flow environment. By accomplishing this task the model can be used to optimize future fractionations by tailoring the process parameters to the properties of the target particles. The primary goal of this project is to develop a vectorized code within Matlab® that captures a sufficient quantity of the physics in separations to assist with the optimization and design of microfluidic systems. This project differs from other computational models in that it utilizes a personal computer to run the simulation in an optimized format rather than utilizing a highly parallelized system for the computing. Based on previous literature from computational models of fluid-particle systems a model was developed to simulate the separation process. Computational experiments of separation processes were conducted with this model to validate the simulation and to investigate the impacts of microfluidic fractionation parameters on the purity and yield of like charged particles in a continuous flow environment. By adapting the input parameters the separation results can be customized for the particles in the sample. The implementation and use of this this model can improve the efficiency of separation processes

Program representation size in an intermediate language with intersection and union types

The CIL compiler for core Standard ML compiles whole programs using a novel typed intermediate language (TIL) with intersection and union types and flow labels on both terms and types. The CIL term representation duplicates portions of the program where intersection types are introduced and union types are eliminated. This duplication makes it easier to represent type information and to introduce customized data representations. However, duplication incurs compile-time space costs that are potentially much greater than are incurred in TILs employing type-level abstraction or quantification. In this paper, we present empirical data on the compile-time space costs of using CIL as an intermediate language. The data shows that these costs can be made tractable by using sufficiently fine-grained flow analyses together with standard hash-consing techniques. The data also suggests that non-duplicating formulations of intersection (and union) types would not achieve significantly better space complexity.National Science Foundation (CCR-9417382, CISE/CCR ESS 9806747); Sun grant (EDUD-7826-990410-US); Faculty Fellowship of the Carroll School of Management, Boston College; U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (GR/L 36963, GR/L 15685

Making The Decision To Outsource A Service Department: Who Should Deliver Internal Audit Services?

The 2001-2003 wave of financial fraudulent reporting, aggressive earnings management, and overall management integrity issues highlight the important role that an internal audit function can have in protecting organizations and demonstrate how important it is that internal auditors operate with independence and objectivity. This paper highlights the issues organizations face when contemplating the internal audit outsourcing market. The illustrative materials provide exposure to the strategic, analytical, financial and operational decisions involved with retaining or outsourcing a corporate internal audit department

Effects of hunting pressure on the spatial dynamics of a subarctic caribou herd

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2024Indirect effects of hunting can have important ecological and hunt management implications, and little has been done to quantify these indirect effects on caribou (Rangifer tarandus). To assess effects of hunting pressure on caribou spatial dynamics, we used GPS locations that spanned fall and winter 2010-2022 from the semi-migratory Fortymile caribou herd in interior Alaska. We analyzed these locations using integrated step selection analysis to evaluate step lengths (i.e., movement rates) and selection of distance to roads and trails, and forest cover across 3 hunting pressure levels (none, low, and high) as well as road crossings during hunting compared to non-hunting periods. We found that the caribou response to hunting pressure varied by season and, within the fall season, by hunting pressure level. Relative to no hunting pressure, caribou in fall showed a very strong avoidance of roads at high hunting pressure and a lower avoidance at low hunting pressure. Similarly, caribou in fall showed an avoidance of trails at high hunting pressure although, unlike roads, the avoidance continued at low hunting pressure. Conversely, relative to no hunting pressure, caribou did not change their selection of forest cover in either season nor did they alter their selection of roads or trails in winter. Furthermore, in both seasons, changes in step lengths in response to hunting pressure were less than we expected. Last, caribou avoided road crossings more during hunting compared to non-hunting periods in both seasons. Overall, caribou response to hunting pressure could have implications for caribou availability to hunters, especially during the fall season, as well as caribou distribution in relation to roads across both seasons. Hunt managers and public stakeholders could use our results to inform how changes to caribou harvest management might indirectly impact caribou movements and hunter opportunity.Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, State of Alaska, Bureau of Land Management, and Environment Yuko

Reconciling Experimental Incoherence with Real-World Coherence in Punitive Damages

Experimental evidence generated in controlled laboratory studies suggests that the legal system in general, and punitive damages awards in particular, should display an incoherent pattern. According to the prediction, inexperienced decisionmakers, such as juries, should fail to convert their qualitative judgments of defendants\u27 conduct into consistent, meaningful dollar amounts. This Article tests this prediction and finds modest support for the thesis that experience across different types of cases will lead to greater consistency in awards. Despite this support, numerous studies of damage awards in real cases detect a generally sensible pattern of damage awards. This Article tries to reconcile the largely coherent pattern of real-world results with the experimental findings and suggests that careful attention to sources of coherence and incoherence can help reconcile experimental and real-world results

Reconciling Experimental Incoherence with Real-World Coherence in Punitive Damages

Experimental evidence generated in controlled laboratory studies suggests that the legal system in general, and punitive damages awards in particular, should display an incoherent pattern. According to the prediction, inexperienced decisionmakers, such as juries, should fail to convert their qualitative judgments of defendants\u27 conduct into consistent, meaningful dollar amounts. This Article tests this prediction and finds modest support for the thesis that experience across different types of cases will lead to greater consistency in awards. Despite this support, numerous studies of damage awards in real cases detect a generally sensible pattern of damage awards. This Article tries to reconcile the largely coherent pattern of real-world results with the experimental findings and suggests that careful attention to sources of coherence and incoherence can help reconcile experimental and real-world results

Modified C-17 Taxi Procedures: A Fuel Cost Savings Exploration

Purpose — This study aims to explore the viability of using C-17 reduced-engine taxi procedures from a cost savings and capability perspective. Design/methodology/approach — This study model expected engine fuel flow based on the number of operational engines, aircraft gross weight (GW) and average aircraft groundspeed. Using this model, the research executes a cost savings simulation estimating the expected annual savings produced by the proposed taxi methodology. Operational and safety risks are also considered. Findings — The results indicate that significant fuel and costs savings are available via the employment of reduced-engine taxi procedures. On an annual basis, the mobility air force has the capacity to save approximately 1.18 million gallons of jet fuel per year ($2.66m in annual fuel costs at current rates) without significant risk to operations. The two-engine taxi methodology has the ability to generate capable taxi thrust for a maximum GW C-17 with nearly zero risks. Research limitations/implications — This research was limited to C-17 procedures and efficiency improvements specifically, although it suggests that other military aircraft could benefit from these findings as is evident in the commercial airline industry. Practical implications — This research recommends coordination with the original equipment manufacturer to rework checklists and flight manuals, development of a fleet-wide training program and evaluation of future aircraft recapitalization requirements intended to exploit and maximize aircraft surface operation savings. Originality/value — If implemented, the proposed changes would benefit the society as government resources could be spent elsewhere and the impact on the environment would be reduced. This research conducted a rigorous analysis of the suitability of implementing a civilian airline’s best practice into US Air Force operations