Стилистический эффект разговорной речи и его составляющие

В обучении русскому языку как иностранному на современном этапе большое внимание уделяется особенностям русской разговорной речи. Это обусловлено целым рядом причин, среди которых, на наш взгляд, можно выделить следующие: во-первых, разговорная речь всегда отличается активностью проникновения во все сферы жизнедеятельности людей и функционирует как в повседневном общении, так и в различных сферах (литературе, кино, политике и т.д.). Во-вторых, разговорная речь носит многожанровый характер, что зачастую затрудняет ее понимание иностранными студентами. В-третьих, в разговорную речь помимо слов нейтрального стиля все активнее стала проникать арготическая лексика. Именно в связи с этим особый интерес у нас вызывает разговорный стиль речи в преломлении на инофонную аудиторию

Hepatitis C virus coinfection does not influence plasma mtDNA levels in HIV infected individuals.

<p>Mitochondrial DNA levels were measured in plasma (left) and 3000 g supernatant (right) from either HCV coinfected (HCV Ab+) or HCV negative (HCV Ab-) subjects (x-axis). Boxplots (median level, 25% and 75% quartiles, and 1.5 * interquartile range) show the mtDNA level (copy number, y-axis) for each fraction. P values are reported in the text.</p

Mitochondrial DNA levels in chronic HIV infection.

<p>Mitochondrial DNA levels were measured in plasma (left) and 3000 g supernatant (right) from untreated, HIV-negative, HAART-suppressed and elite controller individuals (group definitions in Methods). Boxplots (median level, 25% and 75% quartiles, and 1.5 * interquartile range) show the mtDNA level (copy number, y-axis) for each fraction. P values are reported in the text.</p

Sensitivity and dynamic range of qPCR assay for mitochondrial DNA.

<p>(A) Dynamic range of qPCR assay for mtDNA. A PCR amplicon containing the target region of cytochrome oxidase III, subunit c was serially diluted and detected using a SYBR green qPCR assay. Cycle threshold values (y-axis) for each dilution (x-axis) are shown for 3 technical replicates per dilution. The slope of the standard curve is shown at top-left. (B) The mtDNA qPCR assay can detect a single copy of mtDNA. A platelet pellet of 4.5*10⁵ was derived from donor plasma. A lysate of this pellet was serially diluted and the relative mtDNA content determined by qPCR for three technical replicates per dilution. Cycle threshold values (y-axis), dilution (x-axis), and the slope of the standard curve (top left) are shown. The assay was linear over a 5 log dilution series, or down to roughly one platelet and its associated mitochondrion.</p

Age and plasma mtDNA levels are negatively correlated.

<p>Mitochondrial DNA levels were measured in plasma (top) and 3000 g supernatant (bottom) from HIV positive individuals with negative viral loads. This group (n = 374) included elite controllers and individuals on HAART. Scatterplots show the correlation between log mtDNA level (y-axis) and age (x-axis). Correlation coefficients and p values are reported in the text.</p

The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on mtDNA levels in plasma fractions.

<p>Plasma aliquots and 3000 g supernatants were prepared from 30 individuals and assayed fresh (Thaw 1) or after an additional one (Thaw 2) or two (Thaw 3) freeze-thaw cycles. Correlation plots of mtDNA measurements (cycle threshold, x- and y-axes) are shown for plasma (left) or 3000 g supernatant (right). Spearman’s rho for each comparison is shown at bottom-right.</p

The nucleoside backbone does not influence plasma mtDNA.

<p>Mitochondrial DNA levels were measured in plasma (left) and 3000 g supernatant (right) from either untreated individuals (None) or subjects taking the indicated nucleoside analogues at the time of phlebotomy (x-axis). Boxplots (median level, 25% and 75% quartiles, and 1.5 * interquartile range) show the mtDNA level (copy number, y-axis) for each fraction. P values are reported in the text.</p

Mitochondrial DNA levels during acute HIV infection.

<p>Plasma and 3000 g supernatant fractions were derived from archived samples of plasma donors. Each plot shows results from a single donor with the day of infection (x-axis) indicating the onset of detectable viremia. Plasma viral load (black) and levels of mtDNA in plasma (red) and 3000 g supernatant (blue) are shown for each panel (subject code in lower right corner).</p

Comparison of mtDNA levels in plasma fractions.

<p>Three thousand and 10,000 g supernatants were derived from the plasma of 20 individuals. Correlation plots of mtDNA measurements (cycle threshold, x- and y-axes) are shown for plasma vs. 3000 g supernatant (top), plasma vs. 10,000 g supernatant (middle), and 3000 g vs. 10,000 g supernatants (bottom). Spearman’s rho for each comparison is shown at bottom-right.</p

A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for mtDNA.

<p>The circular mitochondrial genome is shown with the open reading frame for cytochrome oxidase III, subunit c indicated in bold. Below are the 100 bp PCR amplicon and the primers used in this study. The branching diagram shows the fractionation scheme used to derive fractions free of platelets (3000 g supernatant) and intact mitochondria (10,000 g supernatant) from donor plasma.</p