3,308 research outputs found
Desmopressin orally disintegrating tablet effectively reduces nocturia : results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Small x nonlinear evolution with impact parameter and the structure function data
The nonlinear Balitsky-Kovchegov equation at small x is solved numerically,
incorporating impact parameter dependence. Confinement is modeled by including
effective gluon mass in the dipole evolution kernel, which regulates the
splitting of dipoles with large sizes. It is shown, that the solution is
sensitive to different implementations of the mass in the kernel. In addition,
running coupling effects are taken into account in this analysis. Finally, a
comparison of the calculations using the dipole framework with the inclusive
data from HERA on the structure functions F2 and FL is performed.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures. Minor revision. One reference added, two
figures update
Temporal and spatial variability in the composition of lavas exposed along the Western Blanco Transform Fault
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 6 (2005): Q11009, doi:10.1029/2005GC001026.The northern scarp of the western Blanco Transform (BT) fault zone provides a "tectonic
window" into crust generated at an intermediate-rate spreading center, exposing a ~2000
m vertical section of lavas and dikes. The lava unit was sampled by submersible during
the Blancovin dive program in 1995, recovering a total of 61 samples over vertical
distances of ~1000 m and a lateral extent of ~13 km. Major elements analyses of 40
whole rock samples exhibit typical tholeiitic fractionation trends of increasing FeO*,
Na2O, and TiO2 and decreasing Al2O3 and CaO with decreasing MgO. The lava suite
shows a considerable range in extent of crystallization, including primitive samples (Mg#
64) and evolved FeTi basalts (FeO>12%;TiO2>2%). Based on rare earth element and
trace element data, all of the lavas are incompatible-element depleted normal mid-ocean
ridge basalts (N-MORB;La/SmN<1). The geochemical systematics suggest that the
lavas were derived from a slightly heterogeneous mantle source, and crystallization
occurred in a magmatic regime of relatively low magma flux and/or high cooling rate,
consistent with magmatic processes occurring along the present-day southern Cleft
Segment. The BT scarp reveals the oceanic crust in two-dimensional space, allowing us
to explore temporal and spatial relationships in the horizontal and vertical directions. As a
whole, the data do not appear to form regular spatial trends; rather, primitive lavas tend to
cluster shallower and toward the center of the study area, while more evolved lavas are present deeper and toward the west and east. Considered within a model for construction
of the upper crust, these findings suggest that the upper lavas along the BT scarp may
have been emplaced off-axis, either by extensive off-axis flow or off-axis eruption, while
the lower lavas represent axial flows that have subsided with time. A calculation based
on an isochron model for construction of the upper crust suggests that the Cleft Segment
requires at least ~50 ka to build the lower extrusive section, consistent to first order with
independent estimates for the construction of intermediate-spreading rate crust.This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation (OCE 02-
22154 to E.K. and J.K. and OCE 9400623 to M.T.)
Eigenvector localization for random band matrices with power law band width
It is shown that certain ensembles of random matrices with entries that
vanish outside a band around the diagonal satisfy a localization condition on
the resolvent which guarantees that eigenvectors have strong overlap with a
vanishing fraction of standard basis vectors, provided the band width
raised to a power remains smaller than the matrix size . For a
Gaussian band ensemble, with matrix elements given by i.i.d. centered Gaussians
within a band of width , the estimate holds.Comment: 30 pages; corrected typo
GeneLink: a database to facilitate genetic studies of complex traits
BACKGROUND: In contrast to gene-mapping studies of simple Mendelian disorders, genetic analyses of complex traits are far more challenging, and high quality data management systems are often critical to the success of these projects. To minimize the difficulties inherent in complex trait studies, we have developed GeneLink, a Web-accessible, password-protected Sybase database. RESULTS: GeneLink is a powerful tool for complex trait mapping, enabling genotypic data to be easily merged with pedigree and extensive phenotypic data. Specifically designed to facilitate large-scale (multi-center) genetic linkage or association studies, GeneLink securely and efficiently handles large amounts of data and provides additional features to facilitate data analysis by existing software packages and quality control. These include the ability to download chromosome-specific data files containing marker data in map order in various formats appropriate for downstream analyses (e.g., GAS and LINKAGE). Furthermore, an unlimited number of phenotypes (either qualitative or quantitative) can be stored and analyzed. Finally, GeneLink generates several quality assurance reports, including genotyping success rates of specified DNA samples or success and heterozygosity rates for specified markers. CONCLUSIONS: GeneLink has already proven an invaluable tool for complex trait mapping studies and is discussed primarily in the context of our large, multi-center study of hereditary prostate cancer (HPC). GeneLink is freely available at
Constructive Fractional-Moment Criteria for Localization in Random Operators
We present a family of finite-volume criteria which cover the regime of
exponential decay for the fractional moments of Green functions of operators
with random potentials. Such decay is a technically convenient characterization
of localization for it is known to imply spectral localization, absence of
level repulsion, dynamical localization and a related condition which plays a
significant role in the quantization of the Hall conductance in two-dimensional
Fermi gases. The constructive criteria also preclude fast power-law decay of
the Green functions at mobility edges.Comment: Announcement and summary of results whose proofs are given elsewhere.
LaTex (10 pages), uses Elsevier "elsart" files (attached
Bayes linear kinematics in the analysis of failure rates and failure time distributions
Collections of related Poisson or binomial counts arise, for example, from a number of different failures in similar machines or neighbouring time periods. A conventional Bayesian analysis requires a rather indirect prior specification and intensive numerical methods for posterior evaluations. An alternative approach using Bayes linear kinematics in which simple conjugate specifications for individual counts are linked through a Bayes linear belief structure is presented. Intensive numerical methods are not required. The use of transformations of the binomial and Poisson parameters is proposed. The approach is illustrated in two examples, one involving a Poisson count of failures, the other involving a binomial count in an analysis of failure times
3-dimensional intravascular ultrasound imaging of human coronary arteries after percutaneous revascularization
Mechanical design and development of TES bolometer detector arrays for the Advanced ACTPol experiment
The next generation Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) experiment is currently underway
and will consist of four Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer arrays, with
three operating together, totaling ~5800 detectors on the sky. Building on
experience gained with the ACTPol detector arrays, AdvACT will utilize various
new technologies, including 150mm detector wafers equipped with multichroic
pixels, allowing for a more densely packed focal plane. Each set of detectors
includes a feedhorn array of stacked silicon wafers which form a spline profile
leading to each pixel. This is then followed by a waveguide interface plate,
detector wafer, back short cavity plate, and backshort cap. Each array is
housed in a custom designed structure manufactured from high purity copper and
then gold plated. In addition to the detector array assembly, the array package
also encloses cryogenic readout electronics. We present the full mechanical
design of the AdvACT high frequency (HF) detector array package along with a
detailed look at the detector array stack assemblies. This experiment will also
make use of extensive hardware and software previously developed for ACT, which
will be modified to incorporate the new AdvACT instruments. Therefore, we
discuss the integration of all AdvACT arrays with pre-existing ACTPol
infrastructure.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation
conference proceeding
Impact of the SPOP Mutant Subtype on the Interpretation of Clinical Parameters in Prostate Cancer.
Purpose: Molecular characterization of prostate cancer, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, has revealed distinct subtypes with underlying genomic alterations. One of these core subtypes, SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein) mutant prostate cancer, has previously only been identifiable via DNA sequencing, which has made the impact on prognosis and routinely used risk stratification parameters unclear.
Methods: We have developed a novel gene expression signature, classifier (Subclass Predictor Based on Transcriptional Data), and decision tree to predict the SPOP mutant subclass from RNA gene expression data and classify common prostate cancer molecular subtypes. We then validated and further interrogated the association of prostate cancer molecular subtypes with pathologic and clinical outcomes in retrospective and prospective cohorts of 8,158 patients.
Results: The subclass predictor based on transcriptional data model showed high sensitivity and specificity in multiple cohorts across both RNA sequencing and microarray gene expression platforms. We predicted approximately 8% to 9% of cases to be SPOP mutant from both retrospective and prospective cohorts. We found that the SPOP mutant subclass was associated with lower frequency of positive margins, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion at prostatectomy; however, SPOP mutant cancers were associated with higher pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The association between SPOP mutant status and higher PSA level was validated in three independent cohorts. Despite high pretreatment PSA, the SPOP mutant subtype was associated with a favorable prognosis with improved metastasis-free survival, particularly in patients with high-risk preoperative PSA levels.
Conclusion: Using a novel gene expression model and a decision tree algorithm to define prostate cancer molecular subclasses, we found that the SPOP mutant subclass is associated with higher preoperative PSA, less adverse pathologic features, and favorable prognosis. These findings suggest a paradigm in which the interpretation of common risk stratification parameters, particularly PSA, may be influenced by the underlying molecular subtype of prostate cancer
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