Water Table Level as Influenced by Rainfall, Crop Requirements, and Tiling Method

In 1979, a portion of the research farm was tiled in a pattern to provide a good soil environment for large-tillage trial plots. This was used as an opportunity to compare tile installation methods, one using a conventional trenching machine and another using a trenchless “tile plow” machine. The tile plow inserted plastic tile using a mole approach, which opened the soil and inserted the tile without leaving an open trench that would later require backfilling. The heaving of the soil by the tile plow did require some soil manipulation to allow cropping. Past research on this study has shown that plowing and trenching methods were not significantly different and that water table measurements were influenced more by timing of water needs of the crop being grown and intensity of the rainfall events

Water Table Level as Influenced by Rainfall, Crop Requirements, and Tiling Method during the past Three Years

In 1979, a portion of the research farm was pattern tiled including the large tillage plots. This was used as an opportunity to compare tile installation methods: a conventional trenching machine (used widely prior to late 70s), and a trenchless “tile plow” machine. The tile plow inserted plastic tile using a mole approach, which is the current primary tiling method. This research showed that plow and trenching tiling methods were not significantly different and both provided adequate drainage. It also showed that water table measurements were influenced more by timing of water needs of the crop being grown and intensity of the rainfall event than tiling method. This report focuses on continued research completed on these trial plots from 2009 to 2011 measuring water table level

Water Table Level as Influenced by Rainfall, Crop Requirements, and Tiling Method During the Past Two Years

In 1979, a portion of the research farm was pattern tiled. This was used as an opportunity to compare tile installation methods: a conventional trenching machine (used widely prior to late 1970s) and a trenchless “tile plow” machine. The tile plow inserted plastic tile using a mole approach, which is the current primary tiling method. This research showed plow and trenching tiling methods were not significantly different and both provided adequate drainage. It also showed that water table measurements were influenced more by timing of water needs of the crop being grown and intensity of the rainfall event than tiling method. This report focuses on continued water table monitoring from 2012 to 2013

Water Table Level as Influenced by Tiling Method

Sections of the research farm were tiled in the fall of 1979. The primary reason for the tiling was to provide a good soil environment for large tillage trial plots that had been previously established. This was also used as an opportunity to install a comparison of tile installation with a conventional (at that time) trenching machine and a relatively new system of installing the tile with a trenchless “tile plow” machine. The tile plow inserted plastic tile using a mole approach, which opened the soil and inserted the tile without leaving an open trench, that would later require backfilling. The heaving of the soil by the tile plow did require packing and some soil manipulation to allow cropping. The primary reason for using this type of installation was cost. At the time of this installation, the cost of tiling could be reduced substantially (in some cases by over 50%) by using the plow method rather than the trench

Fragmenting densely mineralised acellular protrusions from articular calcified cartilage: a role in osteoarthritis?

Fragmenting densely mineralised acellular protrusions from articular calcified cartilage: a role in osteoarthritis? A. Boyde a, G.R. Davis a, D. Mills a, T. Zikmund a, V.L. Adams b, L.R. Ranganath b, N. Jeffery b, J.A. Gallagher b a Dental Physical Sciences, Oral Growth and Development, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK b Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Objectives High density mineralised protrusions (HDMP) from the tidemark mineralising front into hyaline articular cartilage (HAC) were first discovered in Thoroughbred racehorse fetlock joints and later in Icelandic horse hock joints. If these fragment, they could make a significant contribution to joint destruction in osteoarthritis. We looked for them in human material. Methods Whole femoral heads removed at operation for joint replacement or from dissection room cadavers were studied by MRI DESS at 0.23mm resolution and 26 micron resolution high contrast x-ray microtomography (XMT), then sectioned and embedded in PMMA, and block faces polished and the blocks re-imaged with 6 micron resolution XMT. Tissue mineralisation density was imaged qualitatively by backscattered electron SEM (BSE SEM) at 20kV using uncoated samples at 50Pa chamber pressure to achieve charge neutralisation. HAC histology was studied by BSE SEM after staining block faces with ammonium triiodide solution. Block surfaces were sequentially repolished and restained. Results Figure: 3D rendering of 6 micron voxel resolution XMT data set showing HDMP complex projecting above subchondral bone plate. Human femoral head removed at arthroplasty. We found examples of HDMP in HAC in human hips. Their 3D shapes are complex and may show cutting blade forms. Their mineral content (a) exceeds that of articular calcified cartilage (ACC), otherwise the densest tissue in the joint and (b) is not uniform. The mineral phase morphology frequently shows the agglomeration of many fine particles into larger concretions. Cracks within them are frequent. Dense fragments may be found within damaged HAC. Conclusions HDMP arise via the extrusion of an uncharacterised matrix into clefts in HAC. Little evidence of their existence remains after tissue has been decalcified with usual histological protocols. Their formation may be an extension of a normal but poorly recognised crack self-healing mechanism found in bone and ACC. They are surrounded by HAC, are dense and brittle and show innumerable fault lines within them. We provide evidence that they break in vivo by being able to find matching fragments in HAC. We conclude that these hard and sharp particles contribute to the shredding destruction of HAC. The osteoarthritis research community should be aware of their existence so that the frequency and possible clinical significance can be assessed in the future. Larger HDMP can be detected with the best MRI imaging

educationUndergraduate: Journal of undergraduate research in education (Volume 8)

Edited by Tracy Jeffery and Daphne Whiteoak. Contents: 'What are Practitioners’ Perceptions of Qualifications and Progression within the Early Years’ Sector? A Small Scale Research Project Within a Pre-School Setting' by Philippa Coldicott; 'The Benefits of Forest School to Children Aged 2-16: A Systematic Review' by Rebecca Dix; 'Slither Down the Snake of Success: The Link between Synthetic Phonics and Reading Attainment' by Kate Kent; 'Is the App Evaluation Rubric Developed by Weng and Taber-Doughty (2015) an Effective System for Educators to Select the Most Appropriate Apps for Children with Special Educational Needs in the United Kingdom?' by Alex Liddle; 'What do Upper KS2 Children from a Small Village Primary School Perceive to be the Benefits and Potential Challenges of Physical Education Lessons?' by Joseph Piper; 'Has Growing Awareness of Mental Health Issues been Reflected in Improvements in Support and Awareness Within Schools?' by Emily Spalding

Complete Genomic Sequences of Three Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Muenchen Strains from an Orchard in San Joaquin County, California.

We present here the complete genome sequences of three Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen strains, LG24, LG25, and LG26. All three strains were isolated from almond drupes grown in an orchard in San Joaquin County, California, in 2016. These genomic sequences are nonidentical and will contribute to our understanding of S. enterica genomics

AXAF VETA-I mirror encircled energy measurements and data reduction

The AXAF VETA-I mirror encircled energy was measured with a series of apertures and two flow gas proportional counters at five X-ray energies ranging from 0.28 to 2.3 keV. The proportional counter has a thin plastic window with an opaque wire mesh supporting grid. Depending on the counter position, this mesh can cause the X-ray transmission to vary as much as +/-9 percent, which directly translates into an error in the encircled energy. In order to correct this wire mesh effect, window scan measurements were made, in which the counter was scanned in both horizontal (Y) and vertical (Z) directions with the aperture fixed. Post VETA measurement of the VXDS setup were made to determine the exact geometry and position of the mesh grid. Computer models of the window mesh were developed to simulate the X-ray transmission based on this measurement. The window scan data were fitted to such mesh models and corrections were made. After this study, the mesh effect was well understood and the final results of the encircled energy were obtained with an uncertainty of less than 0.8 percent

UC-69 Team 10B BChain

BChain is a new P2P file sharing system that is fully private, anonymous, globally self-verifying, and utilizes an automatic peer-maintained network of trust in data, accomplished through new methods of routing content over the whole network, encrypted, rather than per torrent download. Verification is done by adding file metadata to a blockchain giving the network consistent knowledge of each file it can transfer, and how to verify file received against the network. This enables a policy of zero trust against peers. This system is implemented by an app that interfaces with the network using the protocol, using it for upload, download and file discovery. The interface is built using web technologies, which allows for flexible use across native platforms.Advisors(s): Prof. Ken HogansonTopic(s): IoT/Cloud/NetworkingCS 485

Effects of Field Borders and Mesomammal Reduction on Northern Bobwhite and Songbird Abundance on Three Farms in North Carolina (Oral Abstract)

Lack of early nesting habitat may be limiting population levels of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and early successional songbirds on agricultural landscapes. Alternatively, detrimental effects of mesomammal predators on nesting success and survivorship of bobwhites may be causal at low densities. Previous research has documented increased use of agricultural areas by bobwhites on farms with field borders, but bobwhites had low nesting success in these areas. No replicated studies in the southeast United States have been conducted investigating the effects of field borders and mesomammal predator reduction on bobwhite and songbird abundance. We conducted a 3-year study on farms in Hyde, Tyrrell, and Wilson counties, North Carolina using a 2 x 2 factorial treatment combinations and a blocked study design. On each study area, 4, 200-ha farm blocks were randomly assigned 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments included: (1) 5–10 m fallow vegetation borders on all disked field edges, (2) removal of mesomammal nest predators (raccoons (Procyon lotor), opossums (Didelphis virginianus), and foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus and Vulpes vulpes)) between January through June of each year, (3) a combination of field borders and predator reduction, or (4) neither treatment. In 1997–99, we measured fall abundance of bobwhite coveys on farm blocks using morning covey call surveys and summer abundance of songbirds using variable radius point counts. Field borders were established in 1996 in Hyde and Wilson counties and 1997 in the Tyrrell county study area. Number of mesomammal predators annually removed from farm blocks averaged 42 (SE = 3.5) and was similar between study areas and years. Field border farm blocks had consistently more coveys heard than non-border farm blocks (F1,2 = 216.0, P \u3c 0.004). However, there were no differences in the number of coveys heard between predator reduction and non-reduction farms (F1,2 =10.4, P = 0.084). Farms with both field border and predator reduction had more coveys heard compared to other farm blocks (F1,2 = 43.3, P \u3c 0.0223). Summer bobwhite abundance was greater on field border areas (F1,6 = 5.93, P \u3c 0.051). No other differences in songbird abundance were detected between field border and non-border farms. In 1997, songbird nest density was estimated in field border and non-border farms on the Wilson County study area. Field border farms had higher nest density, particularly for field sparrows (Spizella pusilla) and common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas), and had greater nesting bird diversity. Field borders were a practical technique to increase bobwhite abundance on small farm blocks. Increases in bobwhite abundance associated with predator reduction on small farms with field border would not be economically feasible in most circumstances